Volcanoes Essay Example For Students

Volcanoes Essay By Tricia Severson2nd hour Science4/30/98A spring of gushing lava is a vent, or opening, in the outside of the Earth through which magma andassociated gases and debris eject. The word likewise alludes to the structure or structure, usuallyconical, delivered by gatherings of emitted material. Volcanoes happen for the most part nearplate structural limits and are particularly normal around the Pacific bowl, called thePacific Ring of Fire (see Plate Tectonics). Mankind has for some time been awed by this ground-breaking power of nature. The Romans attributedvolcanic occasions to Vulcan, the lord of fire and metalworking. In AD 79 the emission ofMount Vesuvius decimated the Roman urban areas of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Polynesiansbelieve volcanoes to be administered by the fire goddess Pele. One of the most spectacularvolcanic ejections in written history happened in 1883 with the blast of Krakatoa,an island in the Sunda Strait close to Java (see Krakatoa). A later model is thedramatic 1 980 ejection of Mount St. Helens in the Cascade Range in Washington State. Fountain of liquid magma Formation and EruptionsVolcanic emissions might be fierce, even disastrous, or moderately gentle. The mostexplosive emissions are basically impacts of steam that make marvelous showcases. We will compose a custom exposition on Volcanoes explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Calmer crevice emissions happen when liquid stone pushes through long splits in theEarths outside and floods the encompassing scene. Such rehashed outpourings of magma canfill encompassing valleys and cover low slopes, making thick magma groupings that eventuallybecome levels (see Plateau). The cause of liquid stone, alluded to by geologists as magma, isn't clearlyunderstood. Around 80 percent of all magma is made out of basalt rock. Geophysicalresearch recommends that volcanic magma structures close to the base of the Earths outside layer and movesupward to a shallow magma chamber before emitting at the surface. Magmas risebecause they are less thick than the stones at lower profundities, and their warmth probablyweakens encompassing rocks. The upward development of magma may likewise be expected toexpanding gases inside the liquid stone or to synthetic responses that break up rocksabove the magma. Volcanic material advances toward the surface through channelways, orvolcanic conduct ors, and is expelled through vents at the Earths surface. (See likewise Lavaand Magma.) Eruptions take various structures relying upon the arrangement of the magma when itreaches the surface. Unexpected emissions are frequently connected with low-thickness (morefluid) magma where the extending gases structure a foam that turns into a light, polished rockcalled pumice. In ejections of high-thickness (thicker) magmas, the gas pressure shattersthe rock into sections. Pyroclastic rocks, shaped by volcanic blast, are namedaccording to measure: volcanic debris if sand-sized or littler, volcanic bombs if bigger. United debris is called tuff. Calmer, increasingly detached ejections discharge liquid basalt lavafrom dams or dam swarms (magma interruptions that cut across layers of rock). Theseeruptions spread enormous regions and regularly produce ropy, or pahoehoe, magma streams. Thickerbasalt magma breaks into pieces or squares, shaping blocky magma streams, called aa. The results of volcanism might be ordered into two gatherings: magma and pyroclastics. Magma is the liquid period of volcanic movement. Pyroclastics (likewise called tephra) arevarious-sized particles of hot trash tossed out of a well of lava. Regardless of whether magma orpyroclastics are being catapulted, the emission is ordinarily joined by the ejection ofwater and gases, a considerable lot of which are harmful. Magma ordinarily shapes long, slender waterways ofmolten rock that stream down the slants of a fountain of liquid magma. Hazardous emissions will in general be awesome occasions best saw from a sheltered separation. Seismic tremors, high segments of fumes, lightning, and solid tornadoes regularly accompanythe blasts. The ejection of Krakatoa released a wave, a huge seismic ocean wave,that cleared the shores of Java and Sumatra and suffocated in excess of 36,000 individuals. Avolcano can develop with alarming rate and regularly influences an area a long ways past the areaon which the cone structures. When volcanoes are conceived in the ocean, the emissions might be moreviolent than those ashore on the grounds that the contact between liquid stone and seawaterproduces steam. Volcanoes likewise make holes and calderas. Holes are shaped either by the massivecollapse of material during volcanic movement, by bizarrely rough blasts, or later byerosion during lethargy. Calderas are enormous, bowl molded sorrows. The majority of them areformed after a magma chamber channels and no longer backings the overlying cone, whichthen falls internal to make the bowl. One of the most popular models is thestill-dyn amic Kilauea caldera in Hawaii. Sorts of VolcanoesVolcanoes are typically grouped by shape and size. These are dictated by such factorsas the volume and sort of volcanic material shot out, the succession and assortment oferuptions, and the earth. Among the most well-known sorts are shield volcanoes,stratovolcanoes, and ash cones. Shield volcanoes have a low, expansive profile made by exceptionally liquid basalt streams thatspread over wide regions. The liquid basalt can't develop a cone with sides much steeperthan 7 degrees. More than a large number of years, in any case, these cones can arrive at enormous size. .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 , .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 .postImageUrl , .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 , .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451:hover , .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451:visited , .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451:active { border:0!important; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451:active , .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253 607d0e3d71b65451 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Mars 3 EssayThe Hawaiian Islands are made out of shield volcanoes that have developed from the ocean bottom to the surface around 3 miles (5 kilometers) above. Pinnacles, for example, Mauna Loa andMauna Kea ascend to in excess of 13,600 feet (4,145 meters) above ocean level. Hawaii is thelargest magma structure on the planet, while Mauna Loa, whenever estimated from the ocean bottom, isthe universes biggest mountain regarding both stature and volume. Stratovolcanoes are the most widely recognized volcanic structure. They are made out of alternatinglayers of magma and pyroclastic material. At the point when a peaceful magma stream closes, it makes a seal ofsolidified magma inside the conductor of the fountain of liquid magma. Weight step by step develops below,setting the phase for a vicious impact of pyroclastic material. These exchanging cycles repeatthemselves, giving stratovolcanoes a brutal notoriety. A soot cone is a funnel shaped slope of for the most part ash measured pyroclastics. The profile of thecone is dictated by the edge of rest, that is, the steepest point at which debrisremains stable and doesn't slide downhill. Bigger ash sections, which fall close thesummit, can frame inclines surpassing 30 degrees. Better particles are conveyed farther fromthe vent and structure delicate slants of around 10 degrees at the base of the cone. Thesevolcanoes will in general be touchy yet may likewise expel some magma. Ash cones arenumerous, happen in all sizes, and will in general ascent steeply over the encompassing zone. Thoseoccurring on the flanks of bigger volcanoes are called parasitic cones. Volcanic ac tion commonly shifts back and forth between short dynamic periods and much longerdormant periods. A wiped out well of lava is one that isn't emitting and isn't probably going to eruptin what's to come. A torpid spring of gushing lava, while presently inert, has emitted inside historictimes and is probably going to do as such later on. An inert spring of gushing lava is one that has not beenknown to emit inside notable occasions. Such arrangement is subjective, be that as it may, sincealmost any spring of gushing lava is fit for ejecting once more. In the late phases of volcanic movement, magma can warm coursing groundwater,producing natural aquifers and fountains (see Geyser and Fumarole). A spring is a hot-waterfountain that spouts discontinuously with incredible power. Extraordinary compared to other known models isOld Faithful in Yellowstone National Park. Fumaroles are vents that discharge gas exhaust orsteam. Volcanoes happen along belts of pressure, where

How to Write an Essay - Tips That Can Help You Succeed

How to Write an Essay - Tips That Can Help You SucceedEvery student who wants to earn good grades has to know how to write an essay. Since the introduction of new essay writing tools, you can write your essay without the help of any essay writing tools. However, if you do not have the right information on how to write an essay, it will be hard for you to succeed in writing your essay.Writing your essay is an important part of your college experience. Therefore, it is necessary for you to make your essay written well. You should have a few ideas when it comes to writing an essay. Some tips that can help you out when writing your essay are given below.Do not take the concepts of your own understanding. Since there are different concepts of what constitutes an essay, you must always make sure that you use your knowledge of English grammar to write your essay. You should never use the knowledge of the subject you are writing on as the basis of how to write an essay. It would not be an es say. You need to build a foundation by using your own knowledge of the subject.You also need to have a clear idea about the subject you are writing about. You should always know the kind of writing you will be doing to prepare yourself and understand the aspects that would be included in your essay. This will help you identify what kinds of words you need to be using and what the concepts you need to keep in mind. This will also help you to know the things you need to add and remove from your essay.The one thing that you need to remember when writing an essay is that you should always focus on the topic you are dealing with. You should not worry about how to make the essay different or unique from others. However, you should make sure that the topic that you are dealing with is worth your time and your thoughts. While writing an essay, it is best for you to know how to edit your essay so that you can change the main idea of the article. Remember that the editor is always present to check your essay and he or she can tell you how to fix or change the main idea of your essay. The editor will also tell you what changes you need to make in order to improve the quality of your essay.The second most important aspect that you need to remember is that you should always make an outline of your essay. It is best that you keep track of your idea so that you can develop them further later on. However, you should write your essay based on the outline. The outline is the starting point of the essay and the main idea of the essay.You should also make a list of all the things that you need to do and write down the ones that you have done. While writing an essay, you need to be as organized as possible. Therefore, it is always good for you to keep a paper to review later on.

Easy Essay Topics For Your High School Exams

Easy Essay Topics For Your High School ExamsWhen you're writing an essay for your high school, college or university entrance exams, you have a wide range of essay topics to choose from. Some of these are rather trivial but others are serious academic topics that you'll need to be sure you cover fully and accurately.For example, American government and politics might be a topic that you're unsure of but if you need help in writing a thorough essay for it, then you should make use of the services of a college writing tutor. Writing for the American government is quite complex and may not be appropriate for some students. You should also try to avoid using specific terms like 'is'ought' because this will just confuse your reader.If you want to improve your writing skills and have some trouble with writing the correct grammar, try using a template. Many websites offer templates that they've made to help students who are struggling to write their essays. These templates are often short s o that they can be used as an outline, and sometimes they're interactive too.This quick method of essay writing is known as one-sentence essays. This is where you present the most important facts in a short amount of space. It's really effective if you want to be able to cover a lot of material in a short space of time. It is the simplest way to tell a story in less words.An essay can easily go on for several pages when discussing numerous subject matter. It might even be impossible to explain everything you're thinking about in one short sentence. Instead, take a few moments to think of topics that you'd like to cover so that you can put them into a longer paragraph.Another one of the many essay topics that is considered to be very easy is relating the beginning of science. Here, you'llbe working through different scientific ideas that you can use to explain your ideas. At the end of your research, you'll have a point to relate to your students to further their education.Yet anothe r one of the easy essay topics is geometry which most students find quite challenging as they try to tackle this standard, high school topic. This is where you'll need to know how to use a long line, graphs and the simple shapes that you see in nature. Once you get familiar with this topic, you'll find that you're able to talk about more complex concepts such as trigonometry and the value of a circle in geometry.One of the easiest subject to write about is psychology which is often overlooked as a hard topic to write about because of its simplicity. However, when you delve deeper into the subject, you'll find that the more difficult topics that you'll have to learn are the ones dealing with dreams and the subconscious mind. These are the subjects that require you to think out of the box and solve problems to make sure that you have a good grasp of the concepts.

Urban Outfitters, Inc.. Employee Self Assessment Form.

URBAN OUTFITTERS, INC. Employee Self Assessment Form Employee Name: Jasmine Tate Department: Training Employee Title: Training Coordinator Manager Name: Alisha Traynum Accomplishments (Describe your accomplishments in the past year against mutually understood goals and objectives for the position. Also, list any accomplishments you achieved which were outside of your general job role.) Instructed over 435 agents to prepare them to be successful employees at URBN Throughout the holiday classes, I increased my teaching time by teaching larger sections in both day and night classes. Designed Training Certificates to hand out to agents who earned a 100 on their assessment. Taught classes to email and chat agents using Needle and†¦show more content†¦Assisted in the gift card department by processing gift cards and alerts, throughout the holiday season. Growth (Describe the key competencies and performance factors you have developed, especially in the past year, to make yourself a more valuable and versatile member of the organization. How have you grown or what have you contributed towards the company’s growth.) Personal responsibility and accountability, my actions directly affect the team and the company. Gained proficiency in usage of KANA by working on emails during the holiday season this has made me feel more confident training email agents. Gained confidence as a trainer by teaching more sections during the holiday training classes. Increased Training Assessment scores drastically, by working with the training team to change teaching methods by making training interesting and more relatable to new agents. Developmental Needs (Describe the key competencies and performance factors you feel you need to further develop.) I need improvement on being more confident teaching unfamiliar sections. Slowing down and being less nervous teaching sections. I know how to teach the material and to do it efficiently but I need to doubt myself less. Being more efficient in posting Memos and Promos on the Hub. This includes using time management skills to ensure this information is posted for agents. Career Interests (Indicate your career interests including the kind ofShow MoreRelatedRetail Management8432 Words   |  34 Pagesretail chains. Firms with strong sales growth tend to fall into one of three camps – hot, high-growth youth retailers like Pacific Sunwear (www.pacsun.com), Urban Outfitters (www.urbanoutfitters.com), Hot Topic (www.hottopic.com), and Aero-postale (www.aeropostale.com), mature but re-invigorated multi-brand mega-specialists like Gap Inc. (www.gapinc.com) and Limited Brands (www.limitedbrands.com); and Chico’s (www.chicos.com), which stands alone within the channel as a result of carving out a veryRead MoreRetail Management8444 Words   |  34 Pagesand retail chains. Firms with strong sales growth tend to fall into one of three camps – hot, high-growth youth retailers like Pacific Sunwear (www.pacsun.com), Urban Outfitters (www.urbanoutfitters.com), Hot Topic (www.hottopic.com), and Aero-postale (www.aeropostale.com), mature but re-invigorated multi-brand mega-specialists like Gap Inc. (www.gapinc.com) and Limited Brands (www.limitedbrands.com); and Chico’s (www.chicos.com), which stands alone within the channel as a result of carving out a veryRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEducation, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, p hotocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions

The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Among Adolescents with...

The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Among Adolescents with Mild to Moderate Depression Kaplan and Sadock (as cited in Brollier, Hamrick Jacobson, 1994) stated that depression, during the teen years, has become an increasing area of concern in psychiatry (Kaplan Sadock, 1991. Kashani, Carlson, Beck, Hoeper, Corcoran, McAllister, Fallahi, Rosenberg and Reid (as cited in Brollier, Hamrick , Jacobson, 1994) studied the prevalence of depression in adolescents and reported that approximately 8% of adolescents experienced depressive disorders. Kaplan and Sadock (as cited in Brollier et al., 1994) suggested that new forms of treatment are needed when dealing with adolescents because adolescents often do not respond well to medications,†¦show more content†¦Only a handful of studies have been completed to observe this area of study. Norris, Carroll and Cochrane (1992) found that students at a secondary school who stated they exercised regularly, produced lower scores on the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List, developed by Zukerman and Lubin. Brown, Welsh, Labbe, V itulli and Kulkarni (1992) found that aerobic exercise was beneficial for 54 depressed patients, of both sexes, with the average age being 15.6 years of age. However, this study found that the female participants reported a greater amount of change in depression, anger, exhaustion, anxiety and confusion, following the nine week study. Although the male subjects did see improvements in their psychological states, the female participants were slightly better off. Another study conducted by Brollier et al. (1994) found that of the four adolescent, male participants they were able to work with in their study, all were able to gain some benefit from the aerobic exercise of jogging. All the participants reported less depressive symptoms, as well as enhanced energy, and a better self concept in general. Although there have been a few studies conducted in the area of exercise and depression, almost all the studies have used aerobic exercise as their independent variable, with only a fewShow MoreRelatedIs Obesity A Growing Problem? Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesMore than 80 percent of adolescents do not get enough aerobic physical activity to meet the guidelines for youth (Physical Activity, 2014). When adolescents do not get the proper amount of physical activity needed to keep them healthy it puts them at risk for; a decrease in bone health, cardiorespiratory and muscle health, an increase in body fat, and possible depression. Obesity is a growing problem in America not only with adults but also with school aged children. 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Essay on Beowulf - Profile Of An Epic Hero - 586 Words

There are stories told all over the world handed down from generation to generation. Some remember these stories by memory, but are lost in time, and some write them down to be remembered forever as a part of history. Beowulf is one such story that has been mysteriously remembered for many centuries. I’ve very much enjoyed reading Beowulf. However, since this story has been around for so long many people have added, reduced, or omitted bits and pieces of the story. In other words, it has become an almost epic legend, never knowing if it was real or if it is rumor. And like any rumor being told to others, the story gets better and better over time like a fine wine. Since this poem has been around for many centuries, it is clear in much of†¦show more content†¦The narrator depicts Grendel as â€Å"a powerful demon† and a â€Å"fiend out of hell† and even incorporates where this abomination is derived from. The narrator tells us that he emerged from the cur se of â€Å"the Creator† in which he â€Å"condemned as outcasts†. This story is derived from the book of Genesis in the bible. In which states, â€Å"And the LORD set a mark upon Cain, lest any finding him should kill him†-Genesis 4:15. The narrator refers to one god many times in the story and incorporates many sayings in the bible from the Old Testament as well as some from the New Testament, such as the beatitudes. The beatitudes can be found in the New Testament in Mathew 5:1-12. The beatitudes are said to be the teachings of Jesus, which opens the Sermon on the Mount. In the bible are also many forms of â€Å"Blessed is he† in which we also see in Beowulf. â€Å"But blessed is he who after death can approach the Lord and find friendship in the Father’s embrace.† This verse in the poem not only acknowledges that there is one God the father but also acknowledges that there is a son for you can’t be a father without having a son. We know that the people in Beowulf are believed to be pagan and maybe the father/son reference is to the god Odin and his son Thor, but there is much evidence to support that the God is the â€Å"almighty† father as Christians know there one God to be. This verse also resembles much of the verses from Psalms and Proverbs in the New Testament. ManyShow MoreRelatedBeowulf - Profile of an Epic Hero Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesEpic Beowulf A hero, in the traditional sense of the word, is generally a protagonist in a story whose overwhelming power is the only which can defeat the evil of the day. In a classic example of this comes Beowulf, a novel adaptation of the epic Anglo-Saxon poem by Robert Nye. The main character and namesake of the story is Beowulf, an adventurous young hero. 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Given, the current high profile debate with regard to dating the epic poem Beowulf, it is quite surprising that some scholars go as far as placing it during the Vendel era around 550 - 793 CE. Even though it is considered as a kind of folk tale, many are those who believe it happened towards the early Vendel era. As a rebuttal to this point, it mightRead MoreThe Impact Of Christian Features On Beowulf3125 Words   |  13 PagesELMARRACHI 11 AMINE ELMARRACHI Professor: Dr. Robinson ENG-205 Research paper 11/21/2015 The Impact of Christian Features on Beowulf. Given, the current high profile debate with regard to dating the epic poem Beowulf, it is quite surprising that some scholars go as far as placing it during the Vendel era around 550 - 793 CE. Even though it is considered as a kind of folk tale, many are those who believe it happened towards the early Vendel era. As a rebuttal to this point, it mightRead MoreThe Epic Poem Beowulf 3137 Words   |  13 Pages11 Given, the current high profile debate with regard to dating the epic poem Beowulf, it is quite surprising that some scholars go as far as placing it during the Vendel era around 550 - 793 CE. Eventhough it is considered as a kind of folk tale, many are those who believe it happened towards the early Vendel era. As a rebuttal to this point, it might be?convincingly argued?that this period is also referred to as the Germanic Iron Age. Moreover, this era saw the rise of Norse mythology, whichRead MoreEpic Heroes : The Ideal Hero873 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history, epic heroes have defined the ideal characteristics of a society. Beowulf and Aenus are perfect examples of the ideal hero created from the mind of a creator, for the purpose of defining a society. Most epic heroes share certain character traits such as bravery, courage, determination, hubris or intelligence. 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Literature Review on Finite Element Analysis of Pile Foundations

Question: Discuss about the Literature Review on Finite Element Analysis of Pile Foundations. Answer: Introduction Pile foundations are used as medium between unstable soil and solid ground in order to initiate construction of solid structures like building, pillar, etc. These pile foundations exhibit different behavior in different physical conditions and external factors. Hence, the pile foundation behavior has been a subject of research for a long time. Many researchers have tested and used different research techniques for understanding the nature and behavior of pile foundation according to different external characteristics. Different researchers used different external factors to analyze the change in the behavior of pile foundation with the change in the effect of external factors. Again, different researchers used different techniques and methods for the research purposes that have given different and nearly accurate results on the behavior of pile foundations. In this assignment, the works of different researchers have been analyzed and the results have been discussed. Literature Review Gerolymos et al. (2014, pp.18-20) used beam on Winkler foundation model (BWF) for the analysis of pile foundations against static and dynamic loading. They mainly based their research on the soil behaviour against deflecting pile. They also analysed soil and interface non-linearities (slippage and separation of the pile from the soil), frequency-dependent visco-plastic response (radiation damping) and cyclic hysteretic soil behaviour during a dynamic pile-soil interaction. The main question of their research was How the frequency-dependent nonlinear characteristics of the sub grade reaction for laterally and axially loaded piles can be realistically captured through topologically appropriate assemblies of spring and dashpots with frequency independent parameters? In their research paper, they published a soil reaction model in which they used non-linear frequency-independent springs and dashpots in a series-parallel arrangement. Their model is suitable for the sample pile subjected to horizontal or axial load. They used some equations and parameters for designing a soil reaction model. After the soil modeling, they conducted their experiment by using different configurations like Axial Loading and Lateral Loading used different techniques and verified the obtained results. Their research results contained the following factors that they found to be realistically capturable with the help of a simple lumped parameter model. Relation with frequency Non-linearity of material and interface Radiation-hysteresis coupling Their lumped parameter model consisted of a set of appropriately arranged frequency independent springs masses and dashpots. Li, Guan Zhang (2016, pp.177-193) analysed the pile foundation behaviour due to the effect of ocean waves by using the transient dynamic analysis with scaled boundary finite element method. In this process, they chose the semi-analytic numerical method (scaled boundary finite element method) for investigating pile foundation time-dependant behaviour under ocean wave loads. They also used Wave-Structure Interaction (WSI) framework for their research. To address the problems of WSI framework, they took the help of three-dimensional SBFEM model. They mainly emphasized on mathematical calculations rather than collecting samples and practical experiments. They used scientific formulae and calculations to find the results and hence, their results had some errors that can only be removed by verifying with the practical and experimental results. Hence, this method was called semi-analytic method. They first analysed the problems and summarized them using formulations. After that, they analysed wave behaviour and structural response for calculating approximate numerical values for the pile behaviour. For their research, they used SBFEM model in order to address the magnitude of interaction between waves and structures. They also executed model validation process with the help of softwares and produced a number of graphical representations of different equations. They also made a graphical comparison between FEM and SBFEM and published the results that were to some extent inaccurate with respect to practical values. Brinkgreve (2014) made a more realistic and simple approach by using software 3D modelling techniques. He recreated some software generated replicas of different building foundations and other structures. He applied mathematical calculations and models in these models to analyse the behaviour of the pile foundations. He also used different sample case studies in order to analyse different types of behaviour of pile foundations from different external agents. The simplicity of Brinkgreves (2014) approach made it possible for a more precise analysis of pile foundation behaviour. His technique is suitable for analysing pile behaviour of some foundations that cannot be analysed in situ. However, the main problem with this approach is that it requires high technical support. Moreover, the software costs are also extremely high. Finally, accurate practical results are also not obtainable with this technique. Kato et al. (2014) conducted another study regarding this subject but based on a single case study. They analysed pile foundation behaviour that was affected by liquefaction and lateral spreading with pinning effect that occurred during the 2010 Maule Chile Earthquake. Their main objective of study was the analysis of the soil behavior and change in stability and performances due to high powered impact such as earthquake. In this particular research, they analyzed a number of mini case studies i.e. they analyzed different structures that were affected by the earthquake. Their analysis resulted in the following conclusions. The laterally loaded pile behavior is actively affected by the 3D geometry used for its construction. Two approaches, namely, 3D FEM and LPile, can be used to determine the lateral displacement of the foundations and this resulted in deviation between 5 to 25 cm. Slope displacements can actively affect pile foundation behavior but are frequently ignored, as the effects are not clearly visible. As evident from most of the cases, pinning effect acts as a barrier for analyzing pile behavior as its effect appears even before maximum restriction force of the pile is achieved. NiniĆ¡, Stascheit Meschkes (2014, pp.1453-1476) research was based Embedded beam formulation for discretization independent finite element analyses of interactions between pile foundations or rock anchors and the surrounding soil i.e. they mainly based their research on the formulation of embedded beam after analyzing the behavior of the pile foundation and soil interaction. Instead of modeling and formulations, they considered a simple beam structure that was to be erected on the soil after the analysis of pile foundation behavior. For this purpose, they considered arbitrary number of pile foundations and analyzed them against an arbitrary number of pile foundation orientations. In this model, they represented beam elements as individual piles. The benefit of this approach was that they were able to use analyze and find results under different conditions and arrangements. They also used 3D reference model for calculating some important parameters. However, this provided i naccurate results and errors had to be detected and removed to obtain nearly accurate results. Evaluation Gerolymos et al. (2014, pp.18-20) observed that the pile periphery generated waves are completely absorbed by the used absorbents when 20% loading is used. When 120% ultimate static soil reaction is generated by the used processes, they found that the pile is not generating any waves. They found that this is caused by intense mobilization of the slippage and the energy gets dissipated by radiation. Li, Guan Zhang (2016, pp.177-193) has provided a more specific approach to the topic and has limited their research to ocean waves as external factors. From their research, the actual magnitude of the effect of ocean waves on the pile behaviour foundations can be known. Brinkgreves (2014) approach has made it possible to study and analyse pile foundation behaviour using simple mathematical modelling techniques. His research provides graphical representations and model diagrams that can be used as bases for further research using mathematical formulations. Kato et al. (2014) provides a specific approach towards the pile foundation behaviour against large magnitude impacts like earthquake. They used a specific case study for analysis and provided more accurate results along with the constraints related to the study of pile foundation behaviour in this type of case study. NiniĆ¡, Stascheit Meschkes (2014, pp.1453-1476) approach included the use of embedded beam as an element required for the study of the pile foundation behavior. They made simplified approach that included different orientations of elements to consider different behaviors of the pile foundations against different external conditions. Conclusions From the report, several conclusions can be drawn regarding the Finite Element Analysis of Pile Foundations. As evident from the works on this topic, many researchers have tested and used different research techniques for understanding the nature and behavior of pile foundation according to different external characteristics. Different researchers used different external factors to analyze the change in the behavior of pile foundation with the change in the effect of external factors. Gerolymos and his fellow researchers used beam on Winkler foundation model (BWF) for the analysis of pile foundations against static and dynamic loading. They mainly based their research on the soil behaviour against deflecting pile. On the other hand, Li, Guan Zhang analysed the pile foundation behaviour due to the effect of ocean waves by using the transient dynamic analysis with scaled boundary finite element method. In this process, they chose the semi-analytic numerical method (scaled boundary fin ite element method) for investigating pile foundation time-dependant behaviour under ocean wave loads. Again, Brinkgreve made a more realistic and simple approach by using software 3D modelling techniques. He recreated some software generated replicas of different building foundations and other structures. Kato and his team, on the other hand, conducted another study regarding this subject but based on a single case study. They analysed pile foundation behaviour that was affected by liquefaction and lateral spreading with pinning effect that occurred during the 2010 Maule Chile Earthquake. NiniĆ¡, Stascheit Meschke followed another approach and based their research on the formulation of embedded beam after analyzing the behavior of the pile foundation and soil interaction. Instead of modeling and formulations, they considered a simple beam structure that was to be erected on the soil after the analysis of pile foundation behavior. All these different approaches provided d ifferent results and outcomes, but they can be used as benchmark values for the pile foundation behavior against different external factors. Hence, it can be said that, different approaches were made to find different results from the same case analysis but all these results can be accumulated together to find a regular set of values that can be used as future reference and standard behavioral characteristics of the pile foundation against different external factors. References Brinkgreve, R.B., 2014, April. Efficient modelling of pile foundations in the finite element method. InDFIMEC 2014, Dubai, UAE. AUD. Gerolymos, N., Kassas, K., Bouzoni, E. Brinkgreve, R., 2014, June. Dynamic analysis of piles subjected to axial and lateral loading with emphasis on soil and interface nonlinearities. InProceedings of the 8th European conference on numerical methods in geotechnical engineering, Delft, The Netherlands, in CD Rom(pp. 18-20). Kato, K., Gonzales, D., Ledezma, C. Ashford, S., 2014, July. Analysis of pile foundations affected by liquefaction and lateral spreading with pinning effect during the 2010 maule chile earthquake. InProceedings of the 10th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering; Anchorage, AK, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. Li, M., Guan, H. Zhang, H., 2016. Transient dynamic analysis of pile foundation responses due to ocean waves using the scaled boundary finite element method.Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy,2(2), pp.177-193. NiniĆ¡, J., Stascheit, J. Meschke, G., 2014. Beamsolid contact formulation for finite element analysis of pilesoil interaction with arbitrary discretization.International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,38(14), pp.1453-1476. Bibliography Byrne, B.W., McAdam, R., Burd, H., Houlsby, G., Martin, C., Zdravkovi, L., Taborda, D., Potts, D., Jardine, R. Sideri, M., 2015. New design methods for large diameter piles under lateral loading for offshore wind applications. In3rd International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics (ISFOG 2015), Oslo, Norway, June(pp. 10-12). Chatterjee, K., Choudhury, D. Poulos, H.G., 2015. Seismic analysis of laterally loaded pile under influence of vertical loading using finite element method.Computers and Geotechnics,67, pp.172-186. Das, B.M., 2015.Principles of foundation engineering. Cengage learning. Gashti, E.H.N., Uotinen, V.M. Kujala, K., 2014. Numerical modelling of thermal regimes in steel energy pile foundations: A case study.Energy and buildings,69, pp.165-174. Hamayoon, K., Morikawa, Y., Oka, R. Zhang, F., 2016. 3D dynamic finite element analyses and 1g shaking table tests on seismic performance of existing group-pile foundation in partially improved grounds under dry condition.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,90, pp.196-210. Jayasinghe, L.B., Thambiratnam, D.P., Perera, N. Jayasooriya, J.H.A.R., 2013. Computer simulation of underground blast response of pile in saturated soil.Computers Structures,120, pp.86-95. Keawsawasvong, S. Ukritchon, B., 2016. Finite element analysis of undrained stability of cantilever flood walls.International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, pp.1-13. Laursen, T.A., 2013.Computational contact and impact mechanics: fundamentals of modeling interfacial phenomena in nonlinear finite element analysis. Springer Science Business Media. Luo, C., Yang, X., Zhan, C., Jin, X. Ding, Z., 2016. Nonlinear 3D finite element analysis of soilpilestructure interaction system subjected to horizontal earthquake excitation.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,84, pp.145-156. Padrn, L.A., Surez, A., Aznrez, J.J. Maeso, O., 2015. Kinematic internal forces in deep foundations with inclined piles.Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics,44(12), pp.2129-2135. Papadopoulou, K., Saroglou, H. Papadopoulos, V., 2014. Finite Element Analyses and Experimental Investigation of Helical Micropiles.Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,32(4), pp.949-963. Rowe, R.K. Liu, K.W., 2015. Three-dimensional finite element modelling of a full-scale geosynthetic-reinforced, pile-supported embankment.Canadian Geotechnical Journal,52(12), pp.2041-2054. Wang, W., Regueiro, R.A. McCartney, J.S., 2015. Coupled axisymmetric thermo-poro-mechanical finite element analysis of energy foundation centrifuge experiments in partially saturated silt.Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,33(2), pp.373-388. Yun, L., Cheng, W., Yingren, Z. Zongxing, Z., 2013. Study on Strength Reduction FEM of Bearing Capacity Analysis on Composite Foundation with Underwater Sand Piles [J].Chongqing Architecture,2, p.010. Zhao, B., Liu, Y., Goh, S.H. Lee, F.H., 2016. Parallel finite element analysis of seismic soil structure interaction using a PC cluster.Computers and Geotechnics,80, pp.167-177.

Geographical Information System Technology free essay sample

Definition, invention, purpose, benefits, applications relationship to the science of geography. THE ROLE OF GIS AND GEOGRAPHY Introduction This research reviews the relationship between geographical information system (GIS) technology and geographical science. A description of GIS, as well the relationship between GIS and geography, is reviewed. GIS: Description and Discussion GIS, essentially, is a product of information science. ?For centuries maps have embodied all our concepts of spatial relatedness. Now a data explosion has forced researchers to reevaluate and remake these tools. At the heart of the revolution is the computer.? When information was scarce, traditional maps served their purposes well. Satellite remote sensing, however, has created a wealth of data, a..

The Future of an Illusion Essays - Optical Illusions, Free Essays

The Future of an Illusion Essays - Optical Illusions, Free Essays The Future of an Illusion Constance Penley Preface ...And is it not the case that in our civilisation the relations between the sexes are disturbed by an erotic illusion or a number of such illusions? [Sigmund Freud, The Future of an Illusion, 34] -debates about representation and sexual difference -the place of woman in classical Hollywood cinema ...they are at least symptomatic of a certain kind of theoretical approach- feminist and psychoanalytic- to the work on women and media that began in the early seventies. Xii Beginning in the early seventies sexual difference rapidly established itself as an important analytical category for many feminist theorists. In an initial bifurcation that invariably led to misunderstandings, sexual difference became both the watchword for New French Feminism, with its emphasis on, and celebration of, essential differences between men and women, and also the working notion for feminists looking to Jacques Lacans rereading of Freud for a more complex account of subjectivity and sexual identity than any then available. One: The Avant-Garde and Its Imaginary 3 I would like to look at some of the presuppositions of one contemporary avant-garde movement from the point of view of these new approached based on Freudian and Lacanian theory because I think they can illuminate some of the difficulties often found in the meeting of political and avant-garde practice. The Imaginary Signifier (Christian Metz) The imaginary is also what has to be rediscovered precisely in order to avoid being swallowed up by it: a never ending task. At the centre of Christian Metzs discussion of the psychoanalytic constitution on the cinematic signifier, he warns that the film which would aim to be a film of intervention must take into consideration the cinematic signifiers higher degree of imaginariness in comparison to, for example, the theatre. Metz emphasizes that what is characteristic of the cinema is not the imaginary that it may happen to represent, it is the imaginary that it is from the start. Basic to the constitution of the cinematic signifier is that it is absent: unlike in the theatre where real persons share the time and space of the spectator, the cinema screen is always the other scene; it is a recording and what it records is not there at the moment of its projection. But even more fundamental is the way the cinematic signifier combines presence and absence- it is more there than almost any other medium (because of its density of perceptual registers) and less there at the same time (because it is always only a replica of what is no longer there). This combination of presence and absence exactly describes the characteristic functioning of the Imaginary according to Lacan: the ego is constituted by an image, that is, something that is a reflection (which is there) of the body (which is not really there in the mirror). 12 Thus the cinematic signifier is imaginary in its very constitution as a signifier. It is also imaginary, Metz argues, because the screen reactivates the mirror stage described by Jacques Lacan (or at least the images have their power of fascination because the subject has already undergone the mirror stage). Any relation to an image is imaginary; that is, since the ego itself is constituted by images (the first being the image of the subject in the mirror) and all the rest of the images being doubles of this double, then it is impossible to separate images from this fundamental imaginary operation. Metz shifts the ground of all previous discussions of the processes of identification in film, maintaining that the primary identification is not with the characters on the screen but with the subjects own activity of looking. In other words, the spectator identifies with himself, with himself as a pure act of perception: as condition of possibility of the perceived and hence as a kind transcendental subject, anterior to every there is 14: fetishism and the primal scene, Every film is a fiction film [Metz] 14: At the level of cinema as a social institution Metz speaks of the role of the cinema spectator as essentially voyeuristic: participating in a form of scopophilia not normally sanctioned by society, we sit in the theatre in darkness and solitude looking toward the framed screen as through a keyhole. This is one of the reasons why it is so startling when

Comparing philosophy of nursing and education Essay

Comparing philosophy of nursing and education - Essay Example In any given community, education and nursing play a great role in promoting development. According to Carroll it means a certain kind of thinking or a certain kind of attitude to a certain problem (carrol, n.d). Edward reports that nursing philosophy is the assertiveness towards life and reality that circulates from individual nurses (Edward, 1997). For individuals to develop a certain philosophy of nursing one must consider the abilities to which a nurse obligates her heart and soul to. The main purpose of this article is to compare and contrast the philosophical statement of Richmond medical facility and that of Virginia Common wealth Medical College. The mission of Virginia Common wealth Medical College of Virginia School of Nursing Philosophy (V CU) is to improve health and the general human state. This shall be achieved through conducting nursing study under proper administrative leadership. The institution will provide aim to provide nursing education that will translate to quality nursing services. Thus in order to achieve all these, the facility has to maintain its excellence in education through preparing future scholars for nursing and health care services. The institution seeks to be essential in the change and growth needed in clinical research countrywide. Through caring out these practices it thus provides services that are beneficial to the community and also credit the profession. The facility will provide its expertise and novelty for best practices in education and practice so as to be a national model for clinical scholarship (Virginia Commonwealth University, 2013). They facility educates nurses so as to improve the services offered by the nurses for the benefit of the patient. However VA provides direction on what qualified nurses need to practice when caring for the veterans. They issue leadership on the therapeutic nursing role on care of patient.    On the other hand the mission of Veteran Affairs (VA) is to provide direction on all the issues related to nursing practice. The institution provides the much needed guidance in medical programs and in the various care delivery sites that impact the veterans. The facility has been obliged to fulfill the president Lincolns promise â€Å"To care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan†( Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Address, 1865, p.1). the facility will do this by serving the men and women who are America`s veterans. The main difference between these two institutions is that VCU seeks to impact knowledge on scholars especially nurses so that they can be able to practice in future. In that they provide edu cation to the students who have no experience and also impact skills in them. The VCU since its birth in 1968, like the other facilities it wants to a firm its ground as a leading university among the nation’s pre-eminent public university. To achieve these levels the university has continually encouraged research. It has gone to the extent of giving back to the community by the students providing health care to its neighbor’s. This has improved the access to health care to the most vulnerable and underserved population. VCU next major step is to look for peculiarity as a public university centered on students triumph. It aims to do this bearing in mind that there are scarce resources and increasing call of accountability and demonstrable value for higher education (VCU, School of nursing 2013). Contrary, to the statements above VA is a diverse group of compassionate professionals whose main focus are veterans who served America. They ensure that the needs of the entir e veteran population are represented, this involves putting resources where veterans are and where resources are most needed (United States of Veteran Affairs, 2013). According to "United States Department of Veterans Affairs" (2013) there are some core values that guide the nurses as they practice. They are supposed to maintain

Intelligence and Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Intelligence and Policy - Essay Example Indirect manipulation occurs when the insecure analysts generate intelligence with the purpose of supporting certain decisions. Embedded assumptions occur when social norms and common strategic assumptions hamper constructive analysis. The intelligence subverts policy is another type where the intelligence analysis dents policy decisions. For instance, the policy makers ignore intelligence due to their fear of subversion (George et al, 2008 pp 74-89). Finally is the intelligence parochialism whereby the analysts intentionally tailor findings for professional or personal gains. This leads to either subversion or intelligence to please which depends on the analysts personal goals. William Casey and Richard Helms both served as DCI but had different ideologies. Both had different relations between policy and intelligence that they embodied. Therefore, their contrast led to the formulation of the Casey approach and the Helms approach (George et al, 2008 pp 100-102). Richard Helms had a sharp separation of his intelligence officers from policy. He believed his role was only intelligence such that when he briefed in senior policy meetings he left as soon as he was done with his briefing. The Casey approach on the other hand actively sought the status of the cabinet and he further behaved like a cabinet minister. His approach was largely aimed at mixing policy advocacy and intelligence

Operationalize Sustainability Essay Example for Free

Operationalize Sustainability Essay â€Å"We must strive to become systems thinkers if we are to benefit from the interrelationships of the triple bottom line of sustainability: mission, environment, and community† (sustainability. army. mil). Welcome to the Army strategy for the environment. As one of the largest organizations in America, the Army has joined the movement towards sustainability. With 4 available resources, 5 functional areas and 7 programs and implementation tools, the Army is surging forward with applying sustainability practices. The purpose of this work is to divulge into the Army’s P2, or Pollution Prevention program, as well as giving alternate suggestions on preventing waste. Pollution Prevention (P2) is defined as the systematic effort to minimize, or eliminate altogether, process waste and other pollutants before that are generated (army. mil). P2 is a program that is just one tool to help achieve sustainability. This program can be applied to almost every aspect from field training, housing, family life, installation operations and munitions productions. To operationalize the P2 program, the Army has applied the basic principles of pollution prevention as well as developed the P2 hierarchy: reduce, reuse, recycle and dispose in an environmentally safe manner. The first priority in the hierarchy is reduction. The Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) defines this as â€Å"Any practice which 1) reduces the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant entering any waste stream or otherwise released into the environment (including fugitive emissions) prior to recycling, treatment, or disposal; and 2) reduces the hazards to public ealth and the environment associated with the release of such substances, pollutants, or contaminants. The term includes equipment or technology modifications, process or procedure modifications, reformulation or redesign of products, substitution of raw materials, and improvements in housekeeping, maintenance, training, or inventory control† (army. mil) In the P2 program, this definition is applied to the broad goal of reducing or eliminating the environmental impacts of consuming resources and the waste that is generated from it. This waste can come from Army vehicle maintenance such as oil changes or leaving computers and lights on at the end of the work day. Reuse and recycle in hierarchy are meant for pollution that cannot be prevented. In this case, pollution should be treated in an environmentally safe manner whenever feasible. â€Å"The resources of a nation must be constantly managed: expanded then gathered, gathered then distributed each person or group sometimes gaining, sometimes losing, but always treated fairly and with respect. (O’Toole, 1993, p. 108) For example, Fort Bragg Army base in North Carolina has built an entire village out of materials recycled or diverted from the Fort Bragg landfill. This recycled â€Å"trash† village is used in training and preparing troops for deployment. If the first three actions cannot be taken, the last step in the P2 hierarchy is to disposal, removal and discharge of pollution into the environment should be employed only as a last resort and should be conducted in an environmentally safe manner. We will look at how these problems have arisen, and how they are all symptoms of a way of living that we have taken for granted, which has produced great progress but also growing side effects† (Senge, 2008, p. 10) While this program and many others are giving the Army advances in the right direction toward sustainability, there are other efforts that can be made to help prevent waste. In sustainability, waste is not reserved to trash alone. Waste can be the unnecessary use of, or degradation, of resources. For the Army, a suggestion for prevention can be monitoring the use of electronics. Each office in the military has several computers since the military communicates largely with emails, share drives and electronic training and personnel records. These computers are continuously on throughout the day, even after personnel go home. â€Å"U. S. organizations squander $2. 8 billion a year to power unused machines, emitting about 20 million tons of carbon dioxide†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Swartz, 2009) In some cases, such as hospitals with shift workers, there may be a need for active computers. In other cases, the Army can implement a timer, programmed for the end of a shift, to turn off all computers. The exception may be to leave one on for additional use of people working late, but the others would automatically shut off, saving the energy use instead of having computers in sleep mode throughout the night. â€Å"Simply shutting down PCs at night can save a company with 10,000 PCs over $260,000 a year and 1,871 tons of carbon dioxide emissions, the report says. (Swartz, 2009) The same goes for radios, printers, faxes, unnecessary machinery and all other excessive electronics. Another suggestion would be to create self-sustaining gyms. Exercise and the military go hand in hand. Exercise is directed and required to have a successful military career. Many people go to the gym, not just active duty but also dependent spouses, veterans, civil service workers and civilians with base access. The treadmill, elliptical, bikes and stair climbers are the most used equipment in the gym due to the diversity of patrons. Eco-friendly gyms have been popping up worldwide. † (Huey, 2008) This can be used to the Army’s advantage by using the energy output from the machines in use to generate the electricity for the lighting in the gym and operation of TVs. Instead of having TVs on and available at all times, have TVs operational only on the machine while it is in use, being powered by the operator. â€Å"A unique and key feature of green gyms is that they can actually use the energy generated from people exercising and use that to power their facilities. (Huey, 2008) Obviously this may not sustain an entire gym, considering air conditioning, heating and the size of the gym to include playing courts, but this can help to drastically lower energy usage. The Army also wastes equipment, which can produce pollution upon disposal. This equipment is the boots, jackets, uniforms, camel packs, Gerber tools, etc. that is issued to troops. When a troop completes basic training, or boot camp, the required initial equipment items are issued. When a troop deploys to an overseas location, new equipment is issued, even if the troop recently completed boot camp. This results in a double issue of equipment to the same troops, with no requirement to turn in unused or unneeded equipment. â€Å"While Soldiers have embraced the RFI process, they recently identified one noteworthy problem area in the RFI process: Their clothing records having duplicate items that were previously issued. † (Maj. Wright, 2009) Military members are also issued a clothing allowance every year for new uniforms. This results in money lost and equipment waste and abuse. Troops can throw away unused equipment without properly recycling the materials. To help put a check on equipment, the Army can implement a â€Å"turn in, tag out† system. This means troops will have to turn in old, worn out equipment, such as boots, to be issued new pairs. A â€Å"tag out† on issued items will be kept electronically in a database to ensure individuals are not being issued double items. Supply personnel can look up by name and determine if the troop has already received an item. With old equipment being turned into supply, the right people can properly and environmentally safely dispose or recycle used equipment. Also, by documenting equipment that is issued out and what equipment is being turned in, supply personnel will be better equipped in ordering new items efficiently rather than ordering excessive products and wasting money. Although the Army has taken many positive steps toward operationalizing sustainability, there are many more that can be taken. The Army may never be fully sustainable due to numerous training missions that use fuel, energy and natural resources, but every effort counts toward reducing, recycling and disposing of pollution properly. These advances can be applied toward other military branches as well. For instance, the Navy dumps thousands of gallons of fuel into our atmosphere to make the planes lighter and able to land on carriers at sea. While this maneuver is done for safety, the amount of gas put into the plane initially is known to be too much upon landing. This is an obvious area to improve on. Sustainability can be operationalized by every business, organization and company in the world. â€Å"What weve discovered on our journey is that implementing sustainability is a lot like implementing any other corporate change initiative. (Hitchcock, 2006, p. 167) The military is always changing and always adapting. In conclusion, the Army has many programs and tools that are operationalizing sustainability practices. The P2 program is a great start to handling systems that produce waste and pollution. The hierarchy of reduce, reuse, recycle and dispose of in an environmentally safe manner is the right mindset for sustainability. The Army also has areas that can be improved upon, as with any company. The Army is making progress towards sustainability, which is progress in the right direction for a better future. Bibliography http://www.greeniacs.com/GreeniacsArticles/Gyms-Get-Sustainable.html www.gdrc.org/sustdev/concepts/19-n-step.html http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/environment/2009-03-25-pc-power-company-costs_N.htm http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/about_ikea/pdf/sustainability_Report_2009.pdf

Advocates for a New Social Order: Dickens, Marx, and the Trade Union i

Advocates for a New Social Order: Dickens, Marx, and the Trade Union in Hard Times For over a century, Charles Dickens has been praised as being the working man's advocate, and the lower classes have played a major role in peopling his vast world of characters. Always, the reader is left with a sense of sympathy and pity for these characters as Dickens' journalistic descriptions of their plight are often dramatic, stirring, and pathetic. Although he renders the living conditions of the poor in such a way that no reader can escape feeling sympathy for such characters, Dickens never once offers a solution to such distress. In Hard Times we find a man who suffers not only the degradations of the industrial city, but also the ostracism of his own kind when he refuses to join the ranks of a budding trade union. Dickens has often been deemed a reformer by many modern critics. However, if he truly sought reform for the treatment of the lower classes in Victorian England, why, then, does he refuse Stephen Blackpool a chance to take a part in that reform? Like Karl Marx an d Friedrich Engels, Dickens realized and reported upon the conditions of the working classes, but he chose to offer a more spiritual form of aid rather than to suggest a complete political reformation. Dickens published his views on labor issues in several of his journals, and he spoke on the subject frequently as well. Although he was moved by the plight of the workers, he could not understand why they would become violent at times. Peter Ackroyd cites a letter to Angela Burdett-Coutts, describing Dickens’ views on trade union violence. The reason for such violence, Dickens contends in the letter, is that the lower classes were being brainwashed and swindle... ... both a charitable and noble soul. He could not have joined the union as he did not believe it would help matters any, and he maintains his dignity even though he pays the ultimate penalty for it in the end. Works Consulted The Oxford History of Britain. Ed. Kenneth O. Morgan. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1984. Ackroyd, Peter. Dickens. New York: HarperCollins, 1990. Bowditch, John and Clement Ramsland. Voices of the Industrial Revolution. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1961. Dickens, Charles. Hard Times. Ed. George Ford and Sylvere Monod. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1990. ---. "Locked Out.† Household Words 8 (1854): 345-8. Faber, Richard. Proper Stations. London: Faber and Faber, 1971. Marx, Karl. The Grundrisse. Ed. and trans. David McLellan. New York: Harper, 1971. Williams, Raymond. Culture and Society: 1780-1950. New York: Harper, 1958.

Sainsbury Operations

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provides a view on operations of SAINSBURY’S , the third largest supermarket chain across United Kingdom. SAINSBURY’S , in spite of being the longest standing retail chain has been facing stiff competition from rivals like TESCO , MORRISONS. The competitors seemed to have developed at a faster pace since SAINSBURY’S has been through a difficult time in recent years and TESCO is now twice the size in terms of turnover. Matter of analysis in terms of SAINSBURY’s supermarket is the operational strategies that have been implemented to cope up given the current downturn. The operations management concepts incorporated in SAINSBURY’s operational routine can play a vital role to achieve its main performance objectives like customer satisfaction, fast operations , achieving flexibility for the customers needs and retaining loyal customers. There is also a scope for SAINSBURY’S to meet its target growth and regain its position if it is ready to make a few changes in its operations in terms of a better inventory management , Robust technological advancements and creating a better customer base. The report discusses the various successful implementations and certain flaws that can be wiped in order to attain smoother operations at SAINSBURY’ OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT INTRODUCTION: An operation is a process transforming a set of resources into services and goods. The input resources may be raw materials, information, or even the customer. These resources are transformed into final goods or services by facilities and staff of the operation( Fig 1). Operations Management is very important in business operations since it forms the heart of the organisation by controlling the system of operation. Operations management plays a vital role because any operation requires a combination of merchandising, logistics, coordination and cost control skills to move products from production facilities to the consumer(2). [pic] Fig1 Input output transformation model for operations. [pic] Sainsbury's Supermarkets is the UK's longest standing and third largest major food retailing chain, having opened its first store in 1869. The Sainsbury's brand is built upon a heritage of providing customers with healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food. The stores serve over 18 million customers a week and offer around 30,000 products, having a market share of around 16 per cent(3). An internet-based home delivery shopping service is also available to 88 per cent of UK households. PROCESS LAYOUT: Fig. 2 Layout design of Sainsbury’s The supermarket is positioned as a process layout. Wherein the physical components are arranged or grouped according to the general function they perform (Fig. 2). It operates in a manner that is designed to move the customer through the store until they end up at the cash register. First thing that a customer encounters is the customer services in case of any initial enquiries by the customers. Along the first aisle are aligned the fresh food items for everyday requirements. The dry goods and breads are placed in the middle aisles. The frozen food section is placed near the checkouts to keep them from defrosting while the shopper is moving around the aisles. What makes the layout of the store so coherent is the fact that essentials are lined along the walls and corners and items that are appealing right in the eyesight. PROCESS FLOW OF THE OPERATION: [pic] Fig. 3 Process flow of Sainsbury’s operations. Sainsbury’s process flow illuminates various stages between stocking and delivering the product that a customer chooses to buy from the supermarket (Fig. 3). Initially the inventory stores the goods and materials that are held available in stock for the business. To manage the stock there is an effective solution in place named â€Å"Wesupply† which has been implemented at Sainsbury by IBM (5) . It allows monitoring the status of orders all across the Sainsbury’s network. It regulates the item supply at the shelves, and helps delivery system coordinate with the inventory replenishment. The manager regulates and changes the item price according to the demand . The customer has access to the price rates and various schemes and offers, this is the display stage, once the products are chosen the billing takes place at the cashier, leading to the packaging stage where the customer is handed over the product which was formerly stocked at the inventory. IMPORTANCE OF PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE TO THE OPERATION: THE QUALITY OBJECTIVE: Sainsbury’s customers give most credit to the company’s passion for healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food . Despite the present economic conditions the company stands by its quality related objectives. Good food at fair prices, providing a satisfying shopping experience, spreading and reaching out to customers by opening new stores at various locations. Hygiene anh heath and safety issues given utmost importance . THE SPEED OBJECTIVE: Sainsbury’s tries best to synchronize supply with demands. Goods are made immediately available to the customers. According to the industry speed checks a customer spends an average of eight minutes, from joining a queue to receiving the receipt. Sainsbury’s is recruiting an extra and of 10,000 all across the chains to cut down the checkout queues. The extra staff will mainly be the part-time positions (6). THE DEPENDABILITY OBJECTIVE: Specifying the supermarket timings , providing product related information and schemes in form of shelf toppers , discounts , posters ,makes the supermarket a reliable place to visit every time . There is a constant availability of parking ,and special slots are reserved for the disabled and ‘parent and child’ parking at all times . Making shopping at the supermarket a hassle free experience. THE FLEXIBILITY OBJECTIVE: Sainsbury’s creates brand ranges for various needs, inclusion of healthier and value dishes in addition to the irresistible and authentic dishes, incorporating organic ranges of food if one suffers from allergies and health related issues, defines the level of flexibility Sainsbury caters to for its customers. Extra tills are opened at peak hours and more staff is recruited to adjust to the number of customers that are served at Sainsbury’s. THE COST OBJECTIVE: The cost at the supermarket is incurred at maintaining the inventory, implementing various technologies and facility cost, staff cost. The facility cost can be reduced by getting rid of the aging equipment, and using renewable forms of energy. Sainsbury’s initiative to switch to Enercon E40 KW ( wind turbine) has lead to enormous cost saving. VOLUME VARIETY VARIATION AND VISIBILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SAINSBURY’S: Volume and variety: A relationship between volume and variety are as shown: the general position of operations is along the diagonal, when the volume is high, variety is high and vice versa. [pic] Supermarkets offer a high variety of products and yet sell in high volume.. But in this case, the process is standardized for all the customers . All the customers receive similar kind of services, the process is not customised or tailored keeping each individuals needs in mind. Therefore, considering a supermarket process, the variety would still be considered low and the rule still stands. Hence in a supermarket scenario there are high levels of capital investments, systemizations, routinized workflow which leads to low unit costs. Variations: Sainsbury is in the high levels of demand variation and has changing capacity . The company has to stay in touch with the variations in customer demand constantly which would lead to high unit cost. With various sections at the supermarket ranging from electronics to household items the stacks have to be replenished on the regular bases. Visibility: A new solution named â€Å"Wesupply† has been implemented at Sainsbury by IBM which allows monitoring the status of orders all across the Sainsbury’s network, this leads to visibility within operations which amplifies stock availability for the customers. The supermarket uses various communication tools like discount vouchers, shelf toppers, posters at the entrance and various displays in the aisles to equip the customer with information on product availability and offers. A supermarket website displaying the product promo sections is also available. (11). INFERRED OPERATIONS STRATEGY OF THE ORGANISATION: The supermarket aims to meet the â€Å"Making Sainsbury great again â€Å"target, which would involve generating sales growth of ? 2. 5 billion putting it in a strong position during the latter months of the year(7). The supermarket wants to concentrate on sales-led recovery that makes availability of items its top priority. Introduction of 250 new ranges of products and retaining emphasis on healthier food in the new range â€Å"Taste the Difference† advertised by celebrity chef Jamie Oliver has been paying off for the supermarkets growth. With the re-launch of non-food items Sainsbury’s offers to drive sales momentum (3). Sainsbury’s another operational strategy pertaining to its employees is to move the HR function to a more centralised, paperless system. It would be a gradual process to turn off the current labour intensive system. The new software system will free up personnel managers from their admin duties to focus more time on training and coaching staff and managers(10). SUGGESTIONS: SAINSBURY’S uses â€Å"Wesupply† solutions to monitor the status of orders across its entire network and manage the availability of products. This improves the visibility of supply chain performance of the supermarket(5) , but in recent times a new solution named Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is used for the further improvement of inventory accuracy (8). It allows a far more scope of cost cutting and flexibility via wireless mobility. Retail chains like ASDA, TESCO, MARKS n SPENCERS have already incorporated this system into their operations. CONCLUSION: Behind the largest companies to the minor stores, there needs to be a system that makes it run. Sainsbury’s being the third largest retail chain organisation too dwells on the operations management concepts to be able to manage all the goods and services that they distribute at a global level. The various performance objectives that are important to an organisation like maintaining speed in operations, bringing flexibility to the customers, maintaining the dependability from customers perspective, saving operational cost and enhancing profitability become realizable when operations management focuses on subtle routines and activities of the various processes. Seeing 1. 3 billion additional sales and a wide focus on quality values (Introduction of â€Å"Try something new today â€Å") which was branded incredibly successful and encouraged people to adapt better eating habits proves that Sainsbury is well on the path of achieving the target â€Å"Making Sainsbury’s great again† (9). REFERENCES [pic]1) Danny Samson and Mile Terziovski (1999), The relationship between total quality Management Practices and operational performance, Journal of Operations Management, Volume 17 Issue 4: 393-409. Department of [pic]Management,[pic] University of Melbourne, Australia b Department of Business [pic]Management,[pic] Monash University, Australia Received 11 September 1997; accepted 8 July 1998. Available online 10 May 1999. Abstract Total quality [pic]management[pic] (TQM) has been a widely applied process for improving competitiveness around the world, but with mixed success. A review of the literature revealed gaps in research in this area of quality/operations [pic]management,[pic] particularly in the area of empirical testing of the effectiveness of TQM implementation. The aim of this study was to examine the total quality [pic]management[pic] practices and [pic]operational[pic] performance of a large number of manufacturing companies in order to determine the relationships between these practices, individually and collectively, and firm performance. We used a large data base of 1200 Australian and New Zealand manufacturing organisations. The reliability and validity (construct, content, criterion) of the practice and performance measures were evaluated. Our study showed that the relationship between TQM practice and organisational performance is significant in a cross-sectional sense, in that TQM practice intensity explains a significant proportion of variance in performance. Some but not all of the categories of TQM practice were particularly strong predictors of performance. The categories of leadership, [pic]management[pic] of people and customer focus were the strongest significant predictors of [pic]operational[pic] performance. This is consistent with literature findings that behavioural factors such as executive commitment, employee empowerment and an open culture can produce competitive advantage more strongly than TQM tools and techniques such as process improvement, benchmarking, and information and analysis. Author Keywords: Quality; Operations [pic]management[pic]; Performance; Human resource/OM interface; Empirical research Article Outline A. Introduction 2. Literature review and research problem background 2. 1. Purpose of the literature review 2. 2. The development of TQM 3. Theoretical framework and research hypotheses 3. 1. TQM elements 3. 1. 1. Leadership 3. 1. 2. People management 3. 1. 3. Customer focus 3. 1. 4. Strategic planning 3. 1. 5. Information and analysis 3. 1. 6. Process management 3. 1. 7. Performance 3. 2. Research hypotheses 3. 2. 1. Hypothesis H1 3. 2. 2. Hypothesis H2 4. Methodology 4. 1. Background 4. 2. Sample 4. 3. Survey instrument 4. 4. Data preparation 4. 4. 1. Selection of questions 4. 4. 2. Screening of outliers 4. 4. 3. Treatment of incomplete responses 4. . Analysis procedures 5. Results 6. Discussion of results and findings 6. 1. Tests of hypothesis H1 6. 1. 1. Validity 6. 1. 1. 1. Content validity 6. 1. 1. 2. Construct validity 6. 1. 1. 3. Criterion validity 6. 1. 2. Reliability 6. 2. Test for hypothesis H2 6. 3. Findings 7. Conclusions, limitations and further research Appendix A. 1. Survey questions A. 1. 1. Leadership A. 1. 2. People management A. 1. 3. Customer focus A. 1. 4. Planning A. 1. 5. Process management A. 1. 6. Information and analysis A. 1. 7. Organisational performance References 2) Rodolfo Vazquez , Ignacio A. Rodriguez-Del Bosque, Ana Ma Diaz and Agustin V. Ruiz (2001), Service quality in supermarket retailing: identifying critical service experiences, Journal of retailing and customer services, Volume 8 Issue 1: 1-14. 3) http://www. sainsburys. co. uk 4) http://www. j- sainsbury. co. uk/index. asp? PageID=424==2000=130 5) http://www. wesupply. com/news/articles/news_090409 6) http://www. thisislondon. co. uk/news/article-4216114-sainsburys-10000-queue-cutters. do 7) http://www. kessays. com/essays/accounting/sainsburys-plc. php 8) http://fplreflib. findlay. co. uk/articles/4563/RFID%20barcodes. pdf 9. http://www. independent. co. uk/news/business/news/123-profit-rise-makes-sainsburys- great-again-424381. html 10). http://www. personneltoday. com/articles/2007/08/07/41820/jobs-in-firing-line-as-sainsburys-plans-to-centralise-its-hr. html 11) Chambers, S. , Slack, N. , Johnston, R. , & Betts, A. (2009). Operations And Process Management: Principle s and Practices for Strategic Impact. Prentice Hall. [pic]

Problems in the Revenge Tragedy William Shakespeares Hamlet

Shakespeares Hamlet presents the generic elements found in Renaissance revenge tragedies (Revenge Tragedy). However, although Hamlet is a revenge tragedy by definition, Shakespeare complicates the basic revenge plot by creating three revenge plots out of one. By adding significant innovations, Shakespeare creates three concentric rings of revenge (Frye 90), depicting an indecisive protagonist who is an intellectual rather than a physical hero, an ambiguous ghost, and several problematic aspects of the play, such as the reason for Hamlets delay, the confusion of time, and the truth behind Hamlets apparent madness. In a typical revenge tragedy, a hero is called upon by the ghost of a family member to avenge his death (Revenge†¦show more content†¦By portraying them as foils, Shakespeare helps illuminate the fact that this revenge plot has a very melancholic, contemplative, and intellectual hero as opposed to the heroes usually seen who immediately act upon request or knowledge . Heroes are often depicted as being immediate in their responses for revenge as shown in the play Oresteia when Orestes hears of his fathers death and immediately prays to the gods to let [him] avenge [his] fathers murder (LB. 21). Although Hamlet first appears eager to avenge his fathers death (1.5.35-37), his actions do not reflect the truth behind his words. However, Orestes immediately starts planning is vengeance (LB. 541-565), and when the opportunity arises he tells his mother that [she] killed and it was outrage - suffer outrage now (LB. 917). Unlike Hamlet, Orestes does not procrastinate his vengeance; instead, he plans and strikes at the most opportune moment. Likewise, in Hamlet, Young Fortinbras seeks revenge on the land that his father lost to King Hamlet and is pester[ing] [them] with message[s] importing the surrender of those lands lost by his father (1.2.23-24). When asked to stop, he agrees to attack Poland instead; however, when Hamlet witness[es] [Fortinbras] ar my of such mass and charge led by a delicate and tender prince whose spirit with divine ambition puffedShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Longing For Revenge1304 Words   |  6 PagesLonging for Revenge William Shakespeare was born in England in April of 1564 and was an English poet and playwright . Shakespeare is universally known as the greatest writer in the English language. Shakespeare frequently produced tragedies that are continuously acted out today, along with many plays and sonnets.. Although Shakespeare is seen today as a great writer who changed the world, his reputation did not rise to these heights until around the 19th century. 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