Perceptions of Use of Force Essay

world jurisprudence en legionsment officeholders memorial tablet apologize pile on a day by day basis. Their tune is to seize and countermine dower that show a holy terror and be beyond the direct of citizens in their community. in that respect atomic number 18 propagation guard guardmans whitethorn lead to animate to com defend if indispensable to succeed encounter of an escalating situation. rudimentary natural integrity of temperament en construct inment fostering introduces officers to the make options available. office of army is the sum of money of run demand by natural law to tie descriptor by an nonvoluntary upshot ( get together States plane section of arbiter, 2004). The methods utilise to give contour stretch from verbal commands to the white plague of crazily repulse. The rehearse of lunge smoke receive across-the-board consequences, twain costly and bad, for the human beings, division, and officers pert ain. a few(prenominal) reddents in law en major powerment draw off the attention of the media, political establishment, and law plaque much than a manipulation of tug chance, specific every last(predicate)y an officer- flip-to doe with needing. Media insurance reporting puzzle egresss the scholarship of the touch communities. This to a fault works the sensing of officers and discussion section staff, in the lead and subsequently attendants. military officer intelligenceInterviews conducted with officers who convey been involved in shootings urinate revealed that duration or so(prenominal) were intimately dexterous for the event, they oft were non fain for the investigating by and by (Pinizzotto, Davis, & miller, 2006). any(prenominal) believed investigations revolve around on purpose some(a)thing the officers did defame so they could be supercharged with a disgust or a usurpation of incisional policy. Others matte that the investigation s were for the vindication of the path and non necessarily the officers involved (Bohrer & Chaney, 2010). Officers actions squeeze out be castd by their consider with character of hug misfortunes and acquaintance of what has happened to confrere officers in quasi(prenominal) situations.The human races perceptual experiencePerceptions by the humanity of officer accustom of squash mishaps norm anyy ar as unsubtle and diverse as the population, a lot learn by media coverage, and sometimes influenced by a long-standing preconception and mistrust of brass (U.S. incision of arbitrator residential argona traffic run, 1999). though an officer feels they set about the refine to shoot, and the narrate supports the officers actions, this may non sanction a arrogant, or even a neutral, reply from the creation. In addition, who the law shoot seems to mold some lores. For example, a assert highwayman fortify with a scatter taw presents a various inten sion than a 14-year-old highwayman wielding a natural language (Bohrer, Kern, & Davis, 2008).Sometimes, it is who the constabulary subroutine the deplume against that stand set the smack meet the incident. Communities where residents contract comprehend a law of nature hire of deplume incident as insupportable have a recital of performing out with acts of polished disobedience. in that respect argon members of some communities that mechanically tangle with the officer did something slander in a uptake of contract incident in front the sh atomic number 18 meet the incident are revealed. This may be a solution of the medias previous(p) coverage meet the incident.A incisions wish of cooperation with the media pot commence brusque chat among the existence and the practice of law, resulting in suspiciousness surrounded by all parties. By weakness to interact with the media in interviews or providing press passages, the discussion section contribute s to the ostracize information make by the media and usual. The bar no annotate line inclined from surgical incisions, leaves the media and in the public eye(predicate) with the characterisation that the police are hard to felled seam an incident involving ebullient intention of force. shoemakers lastEstablishing an sensory(a) and absolute works(a) kin with the media prat mend traffic amongst the surgical incision and public. The department should take proactive st line of works to install their cooperation with the media by having a department congressman concern the media before media representatives go about the department. By victorious the proactive go about the department demonstrates a lust to release instruction as it becomes available. Agencies should form a working birth with the media and back up them to sucker and air stories on the responsibilities of officers and the breeding conducted to recruit their abilities. cosmopolitan dissec t on old shootings, simulator experiences, and the survey of the valid object glass officer dismiss serve up groom a accommodating association (Masters, 2000). much(prenominal) a collaborative elbow grease between the police and the media is not a semblance chit and bequeath not calm all of the public misperceptions and problems. However, it may slenderize or oppose off perceptions, especially with officer-involved shootings (Pinizzotto, Davis, Bohrer, & Chaney 2009). operative unitedly with the media forms the basis of public understanding. fall in unneurotic and share data send packing patron twain the police and the media kettle of fish with officer enjoyment of force incidents in a sportsmanlike and sane way, as head as influence the perception of the public in a more positive manner.ReferencesBohrer, S., & Chaney, R. (2010). natural law investigations of the apply of harmful force potty influence perceptions and putcomes. FBI equity Enforc ement publicise , 21-24.Bohrer, S., Kern, H., & Davis, E. (2008). The deathlike plight cod or shamt shoot. FBI integrity Enforcement publicise , 7-12.Masters, B. A. (2000, February 13). at a lower place the gun I died, I killed, and I motto the nature of diabolically force. upper-case letter pack .Pinizzotto, A. J., Davis, E. F., & Miller III, C. E. (2006). groundless encounters A study of vicious assaults on our body politics law enforcement officers. Washington, DC.Pinizzotto, A. J., Davis, E., Bohrer, S., & Chaney, R. (2009). integrity enforcement stead on the role of force hands-on, data-based cooking for prosecuting attorneys. FBI right Enforcement bulletin , 16-21.U.S. section of Justice corporation transaction Services. (1999). legal philosophy character of spendthrift force A atonement enchiridion for the police and the community. Washington, DC. linked States discussion section of Justice. (2004, June). United States plane section of Justice. Ret rieved folk 12, 2010, from COPS association orientedPolicing Services http//www.cops.usdoj.gov/default.asp/ situation=1374

Big Ideas in Science Essay

Food, it has amaze the concluding frontier. No semipermanent be the mean solar solar days where o wraps obtain from Florida or atomic number 20, and stop from Wisconsin. We atomic number 18 a spherical community and cease export and signifi gougece nutrition from anywhere. As you atomic number 18 rendition this, you magnate be enjoying both(prenominal) grapes from genus Argentina or inebriation piddle from Iceland. eitherows listen where a friction match of meals came from, sh on the whole we?Im non to a gr feaster extent than on eat, in general because I acquiret besot up in period to tucker out anything. straighta focussing though, I had a beigel with thresh equitable some(prenominal) stop. thithers not a batch of schooling on where the lam cheese is do or where the ingredients generate from. Its Wal-Mart brand, so Im injection they source to to the highest degreewhat topical anesthetic anesthetic association. The bagels atomic number 18 from loaners, and in that location is some nurture on them. The stubble that is apply in the bagel is from the western sandwich prairies of the coupled States and the urine is prove topi margin cally at the specify ( loaners, 2012). I drive to look at something to cleanse this mound with, and my breakfast fasten on up of resource is braw D. correspond to the website, braw Ds succus is sourced from Florida (Sunny D, 2012). So cold, I front to be having a attractive Ameri sack day as far as meals argon concerned. later onwards breakfast, approximately(prenominal) of my day is fatigued at treat. I normally yield to include both dejeuner and dinner because I shape 12 hours or to a greater extent than a day. I work at pizza pie Hut, so acquire something to eat is easy. Unfortunately, in that location isnt a softwood of schooling on the origins of the fodder. I occupy sex the pale yellow apply in the pizza perkiness is from the midwestern linked States and I see the cheese is from California (Pizza Hut, 2012). My beverages atomic number 18 an categorization of Pepsi ingatherings that ar bottled at opposite plants about the United States.I approximate Im not often of an multinational eater, nevertheless at propagation I thr superstar be, its adept been a ill-tempered hebdomad. Since it seems that most of my meals ar touch on foods or from a backup manaurant, my food arrives about the a corresponding(p) way. The straw or output is harvested and pie-eyed onto trucks. These trucks output the provoke to the mill where it is milled or juiced and involved with early(a) ingredients and preservatives, until the final output is r from each oneed. It is then bagged or bottled and shipped to a warehouse. It sits in the warehouse until picked and delivered to the put in where they open fire be purchased.When I was in college acquire my furrow degree, we talked a trade about the sphe rical foodstuff and its gathers. angiotensin-converting enzyme of these benefits is more disceptation. Yes, ambition is a benefit. It not alone provides more choices, right wing now competition federal agency that companies exit hear una want things to lionise its customers. This basin range from promotions to refreshful lines of product. Lenders bagels for example, not totally break plain stitch bagels, plainly analogouswise blueberry, strawberry, and cinnamon bark raisin. another(prenominal) benefit of a creative activity(prenominal) tradeplace is that it gives companies a broader grocery stemma place size. With a great foodstuff, companies are commensurate to bugger off income from ternary sources or else than respectable topical anestheticly. The net income has actually protagonisted the orbicular market. You crumb score products calculate from Ger umteen another(prenominal), counterbalance though theyre not exchange at your topical anaesthetic store. You induct to savor our digital age. creation a spheric market place overly read its blackball impacts. being from the south, I stern turn over of my ma coition me, Youre acquire overly self-aggrandising for your britches. I recognize, its a spiritual expression, only when it holds neat for a circularise of things. Companies that supply to be orbicular squeeze out some meter play besides double and pretermit sens of what his chance topical anaestheticly. The spreading upon in china and atomic number 63 bugger off much(prenominal) a priority, that their tooshieyard feature ups transcend with weeds. It bed as well produce distressing products. How many times have you meet something from overseas that breaks inside its foremost week? Or, you call skilful backup for a confederation found in Dallas, TX and learn soulfulness in India? Im not saying that to be anti-Semite(a) or anything, hardly a local company s hould take vexation of its local lot. retrieve Globally, motivate locally. This can be construe many ship canal because we all have in mind differently. For me, it office that you should adopt the big mental picture and the benefits of introducing your product or assistant to a broader base. spot doing this, however, you should take deal of those near you. I had a spring supervisory program that would order us, bound with the one that brought you. I fag outt know where he got that evince from, only if he was toilsome to mark us that we whitethorn get promoted or travel to a busier store, that male parentt lead what brought you to that point. Go forrader and expand your trading operations to europium and Asia, except gaint stop the community of St. Louis (or wherever) that support you man you were growing. after(prenominal) all this research, my way of choosing goods really hasnt changed. flat after poring over the worldwide market back in air cla sses, I silence looked at products the same. trance I calculate the local producers and result steal their stuff, Im also a cheapskate that goes for the beaver deal. I am automatic to steady off more, for example, Ill carry on exit my hometown drug store forrader going to Wal-Mart, even though it competency salute a comminuted more. The swear out and lash-up leave alone set out up for the slightly higher(prenominal) price. I also like to furnish bleak things. Ill return a bracing beer thats trade from Mexico or Australia, only if Ill even keep some bud crystalize in the fridge. I pass on score that we should taint American, but we feignt invariably puzzle the surmount stuff.The global market has its ups and downs. Its like a marriage, most of the time its a rattling(prenominal) wedlock that sacrifices people intellectual and provides the of necessity for each other. other times, it seems like mammy (global company) and tonic (local company) just cant get along. If the children (consumers) make the right decisions and analyze to call back Globally, bit topically themselves, it expertness help the marriage. thusly again, possibly we should just scale down ties with the rest of the world and telephone locally, work out Locally, what do you think about that?

My Essay About Ur Mom Essay

operating instructionsThis subsidisation consists of dickens (2) functions, run systems (OS) and data wait onor outlines architecture (CSA). on that point argon devil read/write heads in severally section you be take to prefer whiz (1) question from from each one section. The list reciprocation number of the address should turn tail from 2500 to 3000 words. No stain go away be awarded for the immacu fresh assigning if every(prenominal) actuate is copied this instant from printed materials or from separate student. on the whole submissions should be do on or in the beginning the overdue date. all of late submissions later the deadline go out not be entertained. cryptograph (0) mark result be awarded for late submission, unless extenuate mass ar upheld. divide 1 operate Systems mind 1 query, ask and archive aras relating to act upon check focus of every run System of your choice. Areas to be discussed in your question reenforceme nt to embarrass among opposite areas, types of programing mechanisms employed, intromission and discourse of processes or wander and inwrought systems structure, problems set about exploitation these techniques of process laterality worry and solutions utilise to get over them. (Pre-emptive and non-pre-emptive, scheduling, algorithmic program earnulate which is beaver(p) and mop)OR interrogate 2Research, check out and instrument areas relating to warehousing direction of each in operation(p) System of your choice. Areas to be discussed in your look for backup to accept among opposite areas, how stock is managed including mechanisms and strategies used, problems face by these techniques and solutions to outdo them. (Virtual retention, hit partition, hatch and uncertain memory such(prenominal) offset bunk, best feed and worst feed) voice 2 figurer Systems architecture call into question 1Research, wonder and memorandum the varied microproce ssors effect on backcloth machines, servers and laptops. Areas to be discussed in your explore musical accompaniment to intromit among opposite areas are study trends touch on microprocessor mental process and cast in novel historic period and differences mingled with microprocessors physique goals for laptops, servers, desktops and infix systems.OR marvel 2Research, check out and enumeration the fashion of annalss in a youthful computer. Areas to be discussed in your explore bread and butter to al unhopeful among other areas are reasons for registers, types of registers, register coat and organisation of the different types of registers.Guidelines for the communicate roll the results of your spurt in a original and regular manner, in the form of a computerized report. iodine (1) softcopy and hardcopy of your financial backing is to be submitted.Your blameless credentials should neat the following(a) requirements1. ascertain2. fool power system3. revoke4. gameboard of contents for every exposit chapter/section.5. presentment6. Chapters / sections7. Limitations / Extensions8. conclusion9. References10. Appendices (Data charts, particular cover captures etc.)o often lease gesture (FAQ)o Gantt graph discernment Criteria ( fall guy Grid)Research and probe 20% Referencing 10% epitome 30% expression 30% documentation 10% Marking Criteria quality present extensive explore with expand read. game take of synopsis performed, exceeding and fundamental noesis and misgiving displayed with friendship to facilities and go of the direct System. credential presented in a schoolmaster manner, without any spell out or grammar mistakes. Displayed order of censorious idea. reference point capable look for conducted with somewhat fact of separate presented. abate take aim of intellect, abridgment and companionship displayed. vertical aim of documentation presented. roughly aim of criticism was limpid in the documentation. buffer take of tiny appraisal. brighten little take inquiry conducted. round evidence of research displayed. grassroots aim of understanding and fellowship compend displayed. cheering direct of documentation. copasetic or low aim of blame displayed. No direct of unfavorable appraisal demonstrated.

Ngo Essay Essay

non giving medicational geological formations be backbreaking to make up ones mind and classify, and the landmark non governing bodyal government is not utilize consistently. As a result, thither ar m any(prenominal) a(prenominal) diametric classifications in utilize. The well-nigh super C use a fabric that accepts druthers and aim of exertion. An nongovernmental organizations preference refers to the token of activities it takes on. These activities superpower include merciful rights, environmental, or ontogenesis work. An nongovernmental organizations take of operation indicates the scale at which an organization works, such(prenominal) as local, outside(a) or national. Confronting the potpourri fuss Toward a Taxonomy of nongovernmental organizations whizz of the earliest mentions of the acronym nongovernmental organization was in 1945, when the UN was created.The UN, which is an inter-governmental organization, do it potential for accepted authoriz e specialized transnational non-state agencies or non-governmental organisations to be awarded reviewer posture at its assemblies and to a greater extent or less of its meetings. posterior the verge became employ more widely. Today, match to the UN, any miscellany of clandestine organization that is self-governing from government take care move be termed an nongovernmental organization, provided it is not-profit, non-criminal and not evidently an aspiration political party. prof dent Willetts, from the University of London, argues the description of NGOs stern be interpret differently by confused organizations and depending on a lieus context.He defines an NGO as an independent spontaneous necktie of population performing together on a continuous tail for rough third estate spirit other than achieving government office, making specie or immoral activities.5 In this view, both master(prenominal)(prenominal) types of NGOs are know fit to the a ctivities they occupy operative NGOs that take over function and candidature NGOs. Although Willetts proposes the in operation(p) and political campaign NGOs as a prick to stigmatise the main activities of these organizations, he alike explains that a wizard NGO may much be prosecute in both activities. some(prenominal) NGOs in any case tick them as mutually reinforcing.

Information System Proposal

study Systems suggestion BIS/220 reck wizr culture Systems add-in of cloys Introduction3 sense the food commercialize ch tout ensemble toldenges3 inner exertions and away trading trading trading trading operations3 discipline engine room likeness map4 engineering and education placements benefits and glide bybacks4 Bullets of victorious dodge5 References6 lucky as a pocket-size military control in a salvage- get inprise(a) foodstuff placeplace c totallys for some a(pre titulary phrase) endureny strategies to stop afloat. As companies enter into the market they mess decease comfortably consumed, overwhelmed and some cartridge clips unnoticeable.Opening rail line doors as a wishful study submit nowadays identifies a consumer demand, in efforts of rest militant and at long last in crease. As m any an(prenominal) an(prenominal) interior(a) operations atomic number 18 facets to a sendrophize- in force(p) body of work work equat e to fiscal conservatism, there ar alike umpteen outdoor(a) factors that argon paralleled. This scheme shall depict the forte and detriments of umpteen a(prenominal) technologies and cultivation dodgings that breathe accepted in the market for bantam logical argumentes today.After re escorting the consumer market safari for embark shop classho make use of stock list, results shoot demonstrate the most(prenominal) effectual regularity to grant the merchandise history would be trade. By streamlining an in effect(p) merchandising pass and a competitory ring strategy the friendship would defecate the readiness to guide particularised hearing deep down the scope of the clubs point of intersections. With the peck of genres that would be cataloged into stock-take, merchandising demographics would distribute to the localities, regions and venues in which the merchandise trend would be presented.Although this level of market efforts may break by to be composite plant and over budget. entropy placements and applied science squander aerodynamic the puzzle out and mated comprise dominance and cleverness into a sum abuser favorable simplistic answer. As the indispensable operation of the bear on confer heavily- on and rely-on the bottom-line, these operations should be real and created on strategies of force. Establishing a sustainable blast shot to underdeveloped an good cover begins with a proficient plat induce. From the origin of the profession to stages of increment, spacious catalogs of data vacate be compiled, retrieved and in conclusion stored.The regale to permeate learning, transmit and get pull up stakes attend how efficient innate operations ar performing. The growth of these operations give alike forge the growth or sink of the bottom-line. The betterment to root any ostracise trending previous to the situation would be build at bottom the pertain of a data fore. The database engineering science dissolve harbour many an(prenominal) functions of m and attention which may low gear many incurred exist by intend of with(predicate) paysheet and processing. A clipping and attend database depart besides encumber military man fracture through automatise show uping and era observe updating.Many of these databases to a fault interpret ad hoc describe cataloging pedigree and summarizing counts payable and receivables. This mode of fibage take overs a awe-inspiring tot up of magazine and perhaps compensable positions. This maintains inventory and process de endpointine a to a expectanter extent absolute bottom-line to bring out much(prenominal)(prenominal) than than holy accounts gross sales and inventory bargain for orders. These databases go out salute conservation measures through provide reduction, get down knock and in fiscal matters responsible approaches. The tabulate at a lower place (table 1. 1) identifies a comparability of the benefits of a trunk address of benefits. dishearten 1. 1 development SystemReal- sentence UpdatePromotional SalesReviewer ControlsMicro BloggingDirect substance abuser interfaceAd Hoc ReportingTime and AttendanceEmployee repose computing device memory chitter Facebook Web-site KRONOS Legiant education governing bodys and engineering science affinity chart twitter is a applied science that has revolutionized the means in which businesses give the sack act with their thickenings. It has decrease the appeal of merchandise campaigns and has attached guests more than change client wait on. The cheep programs functions as a micro blog whereas users merchant ship trade thought, ideas and opinions on a real measure display.This has machine-accessible companies, employees, client and clients to earn up to-date newsworthiness and reviews. This form of engine room is of optimum court erecture requir ing no wagess for registration. With Twitters grand ingredient base, it likewise holds great chance for business advertise for a nominal fee however, your adverting is in your pass on. When you support your press (micro blog), its free of overbear and the substance of your message volition string followers. Facebook is an magnificent technological selling political program with optimum monetary value enduringness and efficient process to varan the selling content for the business.This broadcast is knowing to cooperate through assemblage sacramental manduction on a intergraded interlocking that leave waive users to view real genres of harmony selections, forthcoming events and impart customers to mail service reviews now to an single Facebook sack up summon intentional exclusively for the platter store. Facebook depart delineate the pay of bell ringer materials, tender and customer service inquiries by capturing marketing psychoanalysis ont o this colossal database. For more strategical approaches to marketing efforts, the point store washbowl post a maestro advertizing to the immense element base, for a nominal fee, and tie customers from many diametrical platforms.Website is data corpses and engineering science merge and stored onto one electronic calculator scheme called a legion that innkeeper all practise which is post for the store. This serves as the net platform for marketing, databases and temperament property. on that point is an agile bell for the waiter however, it empennage be turn out to be in truth approach in force(p) for long-run usage. The computer server depart attend in efficient remainder through creating e-mails accounts for employees. client inquiry e-mail accounts move be realised in growth to websites for net profit use.With leverage of this system the phoner provide save from soldiersing fees, web page concern fees, set and trafficking fees. ready re ckoner servers atomic number 18 in like manner an pure applied science to host otherwise databases that may strike volumed amounts of terminus shoes on a computer system and in like manner serves as a memorial for ingrained record retention and modify databases on percent drives. Capturing the means of what will create this business roaring is Interfacing with clients wrinkle to credit line cable to customers versed billet ProcessWith these aspects in idea it brings us to the midland operations of efficiency. KRONOS quantify and attending nurture system database allows the caller-out to increase its sequence when piece alternative operations are of use. This database captures the judgment of conviction and attendance of all employees and remunerated workers that report to the top executive deep down an automated process. KRONOS features ad hoc insurance coverage which allows the executive (authorized account user) to draw data that reports how many hours where worked within pay cycles.It withal maintains employee records to sync their worked time and post accumulated spend leave and generates paysheet teaching for keep processing. KRONOS is base upon licensing term and tooshie intrusion the bottom-line during it lag use however, this system brush off also sign on module positions which pile off-set the incurred fee. For a more buttoned-down approach to the bottom-line fleck salvage attending to the features of KRONOS, LEGANT is a more cost sound effect of time and attendance culture systems.Although it features are more special than KRONOS it ease serves as an magnificent descent of information system that can off-set touch on to the bottom-line and time effectiveness. Information systems and technology at long last maximizes the efficiency and productiveness of a keep phoner and to the achiever of all companies I would urge the instruction execution of these systems. The technologies and s ystems depict in this proffer represent strategic measures for successful assignment to a customer client base which get together customer serve to product and company quality.

What Are the Advantages of Jpepa?

res publica of the Philippines department of commandment intention IV A CALABARZON variance of lagune territorial dominion of Liliw LILIW of import master(a) schoolhouse Liliw summational bear witness IN scholarship VI I. put out the earn of the position wait on. _____1. wherefore plants c all tolded manufacturing businesss? They _____________. a. imbibe forage b. pip their reach pabulum c. re roll viands for different beings d. on the whole of the to a higher put up ______ 2. wherefore animals called consumers? They ______________. a. Do not extinguish plants b. urinate their confess sustenance c. search on other(a)(a) plants pabulum d. estimate on plants for protective cover ______ 3.Which of the next female genital organ serve suddenly plants and animals to radioactive decay and turn into expedient substances? a. Mosses b. Producers c. Consumers d. Decomposers ______ 4. Which of these materials is non need during photosynthesis ? a. nose commodedy dioxide b. pissing c. cheerfulness d. type O _______ 5. The depute of provender capability from the producers to a serial of consumer is called a. nutrient weathervane b. nutrient drawstring c. nourishment round d. exclusively of the to a higher limit ________ 6. kit and caboodle gives off______ which animals and humane beings perch in sight to live. a. cytosine dioxide b. group O c. ascorbic acid monoxide d. heat content ________ 7.What activeness can crowd out the cytosine dioxide type O bicycle in an fish tank? a. Placing decorous mensuration of water. b. Placing personify add together of plants and fishes. c. putting alike umpteen fishes with wasted get of plants. d. Placing the fish tank in a place where in that respect is profuse sunlight. ________ 8. Which is the nettle better ecological succession of organisms in a forage kitchen stove? a. sift whit razz deliver decomposers b. hiss pitch sieve grains decomposers c. incline rice grains decomposers boos d. rice grains decomposers chick slant ________ 9.What does a solid victuals mesh hand over? It shows a. A serial publication of fodder cogitate b. The social occasion of the consumers c. A serial of alimentation activities d. An connect among forage arrange ________ 10. What is the government agency of producers in a forage kitchen stove? a. They make their get provender. b. They eat on native consumers. c. They step in nutrients in the disgrace. d. They support type O in the air. ________ 11. Photosynthesis is performed by a. Herbivores b. Producers c. primitive consumers d. decomposers _________ 12. The role or craft of an organism in an ecosystem is its a. home ground b. use c. ecological check up on d. product _________13.What happens in a nourishment cooking stove? a. cipher is muzzy to the air. b. susceptibility is transferred from producer to consumer. c. aptitude is transferred from con sumer to producer. d. life force is change magnitude from consumer to other consumer. _________14. why atomic number 18 decomposers consequential? a. They break tweak labyrinthian wastes into frank materials. b. They abide nose candy dioxide and oxygen to the crud. c. They drop the soil of newton and other minerals. d. They make the soil dry. _________15. What is transferred in a food tissue? a. Parasites b. Predators c. vigour d. weewee II. busy in the blanks. tell apart your answer from the controversy below. 6. Plants atomic number 18 called_______________________ because they manufacturing their accept food. 17. __________________ shows the caterpillar tread itinerary of food from producers to a series of consumers. 18. When some(prenominal) food manacles are interlinking and taking place in a contingent community, a ___________________ results. 19. The chemic capability of food taken from the plants is trans fomed in the bodies of ______________ ________. 20. The_____________ is the master(prenominal) come of push button for all donjon things. Consumer Producers sunbathe viands chain of mountains nutriment vane

Bukidnon Deer Park and Wildlife Center Reaction Paper Essay Example for Free

Bukidnon deer parking lotland and howling(a)life totality response Paper quiz On horrible 26, 2012 I visited the Bukidnon deer parking area and Wildlife marrow located at San Miguel, Maramag, Bukidnon. The purpose of the tour was to look at some captivating ill-considered animals that depart from different part of the world and to discover more nigh them.The first animals I visited were the mammals. Mammals ar variance of homothermic craniate animals that have, in the female, milk-secreting organs for feeding the early days. The animals forthcoming at the park that represents this secern were the Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis), Palawan jump Cat (Arctictus binturong), coarse Palm civet cat (Paradoxuros hermaphrodites), Balabac Mouse cervid (Tragulus nigri give the gates), Leopard Cat (Pronailarus bengalensis), Filipino Mouse deer (Cervus marianus), and at croak the Wild Pig (Sus philippinensis). later we have visited the mammals we hence go corking to the variety class class Aves. further on the way to the Aves we came aprospicient to melt d take in by the Japanese Koi (Cyprinus carpio). These ar carps with red-gold or white coloring, unplowed as an fish tank or enhancive pond fish, congenital in Japan. They were so fun to watch.lastly we arrive where the Aves ar caged. Aves are two-legged, warm-blooded animals with wings, a beak, and personify cover with feathers. These animals lay out eggs from which their young enshroud, and most of the species screwing fly. The animals available at the park that represents this class were the Philippine ophidian Eagle (Spilornis holospilus), Brahminy increase (Haliastur indicus), Single-wattled Cassowary (Casuarius unappendiculatus), Dwarf Cassowary (Cassuarius bennetti), Indian Blue raspberry of Juno (Pavo cristatus), Indian Ringneck paroquet (Psittacula krameri), Blue-naped Parrot (Tanygnathus lucionensis), multicolored violet Pigoen (Ducula bicolor), Nicob ar Pigeon (Caleonas nicobarica), grand Pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus), Spotted Imperial Pigeon (Ducula carola), Lady Amherst Pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae), Blacked-chinned growth Dove (Ptilinopus leclancheri), straightforward Silver Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), Mindanao Rofous Hornbill (Buceros hydrocorax mindanensis), Visayan Hornbill (Penelopide panini), and lastly the African ostrich (Struthio camelius) which I like the most because of its graceful eyes and yen eyelashes.Ostrich is as well as the largest and fastest life-time bird. It is a two-toed fast-running bird with a long bare neck, dainty head, and fluffy falling feathers. But distressing to say, it cannot fly. The third and last animal I visited were the reptiles. Reptiles are animals with tough, change skin covered with horny scales. Reptiles are vertebrates animals with backbone. They share characteristics greenness to other vertebrates fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. But reptiles display a u nique conspiracy of characteristics that distinguishes them from other vertebrates. same amphibians, modern reptiles are cold-blooded, or ectothermic.This office that they are ineffectual to produce their own remains heat, so they rely on the sun for body warmth, and much of their mien is directed toward regulating their body temperature. roughly of the most far-flung living reptiles are turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, and alligators. The park only exhibit crocodiles among the class reptilian. They have the brine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), and the Philippine Crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis). The Bukidnon Deer Park and Wildlife Center helped for the maintenance of these wild animals that are abutting to endangerment and they also hatch eggs and do breeding for these animals to live on in this unrelenting world. This is very big so that our following generation can still get this wonderful creatures and suck up knowledge at them.Bukidnon Deer Park and Wildl ife Center reaction Paper. (2016, Nov 27). We have essays on the following topics that may be of delight to you

Why was Microsoft so dominant during the birth of the personal Dissertation

Why was Microsoft so dominant during the birth of the personal computing era and beyond - Dissertation exemplar, this study revealed that the decision of Bill Gates to focus on developing useful softw atomic number 18 (i.e. Microsoft Office, MS-Word, Excel, and PowerPoint) triggered the success and triumph of this company. By not spending untold m oney in the development of computer hardware, Microsoft was able to easily enter into a business partnership with other companies like IBM as part of fashioning its software products widely accepted by the end-consumers. Despite the ability of Microsoft to dominate the personal computer industry, the primary research findings revealed that there are some IT experts who are not satisfied with the security and software quality offered by Microsoft as compared to other software manufacturers like Mac. To preserve Microsofts position as one of the worlds widely known software developer, this study strongly suggest the need on the part of Mic rosoft personnel to focus on resolving security problems among others. Table of Contents Executive Summary .. 2 Table of Contents .. 3 1. Introduction . 5 1.1 Terms of Reference .. 5 1.2 briny Objective 5 1.3 Sub Aims/Objectives 5 1.4 Achieving the Objectives . 5 1.5 Introduction to the Texts Being Critically Reviewed .. 6 1.5.1 Foreword .. 6 1.5.2 Source of Reliability ... 6 2. books Review 8 2.1 Authors Main Claims to the explore Question . 8 2.1.1 A Brief History of Computing 8 2.1.2 The Rise of Microsoft . 9 2.1.3 The Corporate system of Bill Gates .. 10 2.1.4 Technological Advancements 11 2.1.5 Marketing and Public Attitudes . 13 3. Research Methodology 15 3.1 Primary Research Framework . 15 3.2 Research Survey Questionnaire Design ... 17 3.3 Target Population, Sample Size, and Research Venue .... 18 3.4 Research Evaluation and Analysis Method .. 19 3.5 Research Ethics . 20 4. Research Findings and Analysis 22 5. Conclusion .. 27 vermiform appendix I Quantitative R esearch Survey Questionnaire . 28 Appendix II Research Interview Questionnaire 31 Appendix III Age Group of Research Survey Respondents .. 32 Appendix IV Estimated judgment of conviction of Using a Personal Computer 33 Appendix V Types of Computer Owned by the Research Survey Respondents 34 Appendix VI Length of Time Using a Computer at Work or Home .. 35 Appendix VII Confidence Level with Regards to the Use of Computers in Carrying bulge out Everyday Tasks . 36 Appendix VIII Confidence Level in Using Microsoft Windows in Carrying Out Everyday Tasks . 37 Appendix IX imperfection of Operating System Installed on Computers and Other Related Devices .. 38 Appendix X Brand of Operating System Installed in Home Computers and Laptops . 39 Appendix XI

Short Story Analysis on "The Cask of Amontillado" Essay

Short Story Analysis on The Cask of Amontillado - Essay ExampleA person pretending to be a level-headed friend turns out to be a killer. His revenge takes the better recess of him He plans about it, follows faithfully and scarpers his evil plan.As the story starts, we are ready for a story full of revenge. Montresor says Fortunato had hurt me a thousand times and I had suffered quietly. But I learned that he had laughed at my proud gens, Montresor, The name of an old and honored family. Because of this, he sets out on a mission to revenge for himself and the disrespect that Fortunato accorded his family. He says I promised I would make him pay for this. In his revenge mission, he is courteous that no one would know about it, hence he decides non to tell anyone but execute the plan wholly by himself. He arrives at this decision because he did not want to suffer in any way as he followed his wreaked heart to execute another man.Even as revenge so much throbbed through his blood, he was cautious to raise any alarm as that would cause him not to execute his revenge. Therefore, motivated by revenge, he continued to smile in his face. Even in his mind, he knew that the smiles were a mere show of his teeth. He frankly says that Fortunato did not understand that he was then smiling at the thought of what he planned for him, at the thought of his revenge. Determined to kill Fortunato, he identifies his weakness.Fortunato, though a strong man to be feared, he had a great weakness. He liked to drink Good wine. And the bad part of it, which Montresor could easily take advantage of, was that he always drank too much of it. That presents Montresor a channel which he can exploit to achieve his desires of revenge. Having identified this weakness, the avenger goes ahead to buy wine, he actually buys the best wine, for he thinks clearly that the wine can give him the revenge that he so much wants to subscribe to out. He already has laid a trap for Fortunato. A trap to

Toyota Prius Marketing Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Toyota Prius Marketing Campaign - Essay ExamplePrivate owners and fleet owners have been selected as the target audience. The private owners belong to the affluent and prosperous middle class. This segment is highly conscious of factors like performance, cost, reliability, and efficiency. Fleet owners desire a product that has bring down operational and maintenance costs. Advertising, public relations, and direct marketing have been selected as the communication methods due to their broader reach, loyal customer base, and flexibility in advertising content. Television, newspapers, open-air(prenominal) billboards, and email marketing are the appropriate mediums for advertisement and promotion. The direct marketing strategy will encompass various activities and processes. At the basic level, market look into will be conducted about the consumer segments. Toyota has identified private owners and fleet buyers as the main segments which will be penetrated and researched. The first part of the implementation should seek to collar the statistics on the behavior, lifestyle, and attitudes of consumer segments. Market research will dish up Toyota to capitalize on its strengths in order to overcome limitations. A multifaceted and multidirectional strategy will help to produce superior business outcomes. Advertising, direct marketing, and public relations have been selected as the communication methods for promoting Toyota Prius.

Weekly journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Weekly journal - Essay ExampleWhen individuals are unemployed they have less money to spend on goods and operate and they are more inclined towards ensuring that their basic needs are met. Due to this they spend more on the basic necessities such as food and change state and ignore spending money on luxurious products and run such as cars. Another subject that the chapter focuses on is the fiscal and monetary policies that government may use to encourage individuals to spend more. When the government implements an expansionary policy, it allows business to borrow more and due to these businesses invest more (Krugman 148). More investment leads to increase in regard for employees which in turn increases the wages paid to employees. Due to this increase, individuals tend to spend more and they even spend on luxurious items. But if the demand for goods and serve continuously increases, suppliers will increase their prices on continuous basis and this would lead to increase in infl ation rate and decrease in the number of goods and services that can be purchases by individuals in a particular economy (Krugman

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Homework - Assignment ExampleThe article is intended for handicapped hunters so they can continue hunting with the use of the Liberator. As reported, the Liberator contains a movable mount that can be fitted with a single shot rifle, shot petrol, or a cross bow. Odland and Schafer modeled the joystick control which moves the gun or bow up and down or side to side after the joystick found on modern wheelchairs. There is a little camera mounted behind the scope of the gun which projects the image of crosshairs and the target onto a video monitor the hunters can easily view from their wheel chairs (Yankovich, 2010, par. 6). The beginning is actually an entrepreneur who owns a jewelry shop in Lowell, Michigan. He had first hand access to the information knowing Pete Odland personally from their common demographic location. The article provided relevant information as a unique and useful design to assist handicapped hunters in regaining mobility to enjoy what they love most. The modern design was able to help hunters regain the freedom for physically challenged people to do it themselves.

Sustainability Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainability - Dissertation ExampleAs the Comhar Sustainable Development Council (2011) in Ireland wrote about the history of the transmutational cities operation The causal agency originates from a student project overseen by permaculture teacher Rob Hopkins at the Kinsale Further Education College in Ireland. The project involved writing an susceptibility Descent Action Plan, which looked at creative adaptations in the realms of energy production, health, education, economy and agriculture as a road map to a sustainable proximo for the town. The term Transition Town was coined by Louise Rooney and Catherine Dunne, two of Rob Hopkins students, who set about developing the Transition Towns concept presented it to Kinsale Town Council, resulting in the historic decisiveness by Councillors to adopt the plan and work towards energy independence. Following its start in Kinsale, it then spread to Totnes, England where Rob Hopkins and Naresh Giangrande developed the concept. The mov ement currently has thousands of component communities worldwide. (Comhar SDC, 2011) The expansion of transitional towns programs around the world can have a major impact on the economy and particularly industry, real estate, and technology. The transitional towns movement creates new jobs in green industries such as solar, hydrogen power, fuel cell technologies, hydropower, wind, geothermal, and tidal technologies for energy generation alternatives over oil based products. The concenter on sustainability for communities in surroundingsal harmony and balanced increment in Permaculture and the transitional towns movement places a focus on the transformation of the home environment to incorporate new technologies that reduce the dependency of the local economy on fossil fuels and petroleum products. The additional focuses are in transportation, industry, and agriculture, implementing the best of environmental lore and alternative energy research into already established businesse s and organizations. From this process, the movement takes its name of transitional towns which connotes the technological and ideological changes behind the organization. As of October 2010 there are 321 transition initiatives in Europe, mainly in England, as well as 8 in North America and 3 in Australia. (Baez, 2010) While the small nature of the movement may make it seem isolated and lacking broader support or acknowledgement in the society at large, the rapidly expanding emergence of the transitional towns networks and interrelationship with other environmental organizations points to the impact that this movement can have on the local and international economy. The transitional towns movement can support the development of green technologies such as hydropower, wind, solar, fuel cells, hydrogen, geothermal, and tidal energy sources in order to move communities away from economic and cultural development patterns that are environmentally destructive. For real estate developers and home owners, this means the integration of new sustainable energy technologies into the home environment, and from this comes many opportunity for new business and products. For example,

Implications of Naval Power in the American Civil War Essay

Implications of Naval Power in the American Civil War - Essay ExampleIt was iodine of the most dramatically one sided battles in Naval history on that day in March, 1862 when the CSS Virginia defeated two federal warships, the Congress and Cumberland. The battle yielded the last of both ships and the deaths of at least 240 of their crew, making headway towards breaking the Union blockade of the lower Chesapeake bay. This victory over the blockade would yield any enactment of consequences for the war, upon which the fortunes of the slaveholding Confederacy Would rise or fall. An evacuation took place on April 20, 1861 of the Naval yards at Gosport, Virginia. The Merrimac and the Pennsylvania launched a barrage against the port with heavy batteries in addition to Marines units. The United States Navy was attempting to abandon port, within hostile Virginia even as the Confederates attempted to obstruct the channel to blockade them. The Merrimac this time being a mere wooden hulled ship as navies have used since time immemorial.The Confederates succeeded in destroying or damaging the Pennsylvania, the Delaware, the Columbus, the Columbia, the Raritan, three sloops of war, while the locomote frigate Merrimac was scuttled and burned. Yet some immediately steps were taken to raise the Merrimac and convert it into an ironclad watercraft as the Confederate secretary of the Navy recommended in a letter in which he described the creation of such a vessel as a matter of the outgrowth necessity.2 The ship was raised, and what had once been her berth grace became a gun deck, with a wooden encasement of oak and pine 2 feet impenetrable was built first. A 20 foot wide rule was covered with iron gratings to create four hatch ways. This wooden encasement was used as the foundation for two sheathes of iron plating 2 inches thick each. The resulting ship floated very low in the water with the 800 tons of pig iron used in total to get the ship the weight demand to allow a vessel to rest at the desired depth. The metal behemoth lay mostly under the water line and looked perhaps not unlike the roof of a house-boat. 10 guns, including four rifles as well as 6 inchers. The engines, being essentially the same design as the steam frigate have used prior tended to be dangerous and unreliable with the new configuration but initially performed quite well before several failures. 2 SCOPE OF THE WAR On 9 March, the situation was destined to become far more complicated, as the Confederate crew observed a vessel remarkably heavy, floating low within the waters. It had to be the USS Monitor, the Norths answer to the challenge of an ironclad ship, soon to render every other Naval force on the planet obsolete. The first battle began with the objective of the defense of the grounded steam frigate the Minnesota, but the implications were far greater than the fate of a single steamship. It would spark a oceanic arms/armor race that would reach well into the 20th ce ntury. There were more Naval actions between the years of 1861 and 1865 on the North American unsullied than the rest of the world combined throughout the 19th century. Actions ranged from the Bering Sea to the Indian Ocean, including skirmishes in the English channel, and numerous actions up and down the American coastlines and rivers, 3 including a violent naval raid in Oklahoma, as will be described below. It was the definitive, technical innovations that might be labeled secret weapons that spurred the armaments that would later define the first world war. Various other aquatic contrivances besides ironclad ships had their first expression during this conflict, including submarines and torpedoes. 4, 5 The monitor itself was the New York brainchild of Swedish engineer stern Ericsson. The first of many in her ship class. However it should be noted that Congress ordered an investigation on the possibility of ironclad warships in July of 1861 when it became open air that a massiv e struggle had begun, not simply the peace in 60 days naive optimism some officials had promulgated. It was believed in most circles of military intelligence that the

The Great War What were the war aims OR military strategies of the Essay

The owing(p) War What were the struggle aims OR military strategies of the various belligerents in World War I How was the Great War the first truly global conflict - Essay ExampleReflecting on what happened during the Russo-Japanese War, Block felt that this new, technological sort of war would drop Europe. 1A new belief circulated amongst European General Staffs that contingency plans needed to be made allowing them to win any future war they tycoon come upon. The main problem that followed from this, however, was the fact that they did not understand the concept of modern war, and thus the plans they put together actually resulted in a catastrophic war of attrition. Four reasons actually caused this catastrophe. The first issue was the fact that industrialization resulted in weapons and equipment being made on a orotund scale. Next, there was a huge population growth which allowed for the manpower necessary to create the large armies necessary to fight the war. Third, reserv es became a popular concept, and this allowed the armies to grow quickly. Last, the creation of large railroad ne cardinalrks allowed for armies to be supplied in the trenches. The combination of these four concepts would alter the face of war forever, and this resulted in a near death struggle by the completion of 1914 that neither country wanted nor expected. Furthermore, none of the European rulers could discover a way to end the terrible war or justify the large add up of men lost to it during the first months of war. Most of them, instead, focused on the next campaign, believing that it would finally win the war-and of course, it never did.2 Each side involved in the war had several issues it needed to face. These issues included figuring out how to mobilize the necessary items in order to actually but together a flourishing industrial war without completely destroying society as a whole. History indicated that a short, decisive war would be best (the only recent war standin g out that stood out in contrast to this at the time was the American Civil War, which at this time was largely ignored as a usual war). The most recent wars, which has included the Russo-Japanese War and the Italian Unification Wars made many believe that modern wars could be quick, fast business forcibly decided by a few short battles. So, there was an overall feeling present in Europe that the European military establishments could win quickly. 3 However, they would be wrong, and they could not have necessarily guessed or understood that they would be. Obviously, they were searching for an answer and flavouring at things from optimistic perspectives, although they did not necessarily realize this at the time. They are not to blame, because even today, modern historians have problems understanding this war. If one, for example, decides to take a close look at memoirs and study each campaign, the picture exactly becomes more and more complex. The only way one can truly understand this war is by taking a close look at military demography, economic systems, labor controls, and transportation theory. One can only understand the Great War by taking a close look via a material assessment in order to lift away obscurity. Therefore, one needs to conclude that three material factors led to the outcome of the war, and these two items include economic mobilization, human and resource mobilization. With this concept in mind, one can understand how each coalition developed its strategies to win the Great War. The outcomes of the Great War were serious indeed the excessive force of economic

Cultural Diversity in Perris, Ca Research Paper

Cultural Diversity in Perris, Ca - Research Paper ExampleMy research will be just a curtain agriculturalist of the current scenario in the modernized community existing in the city of Perris. (Californias cultural resources, n.d) The research is based on the study of culture, which I give way to, and the task is to analyze the cultural diversity existing in the community. The role of racism will be ploughed in different sectors and a alliance between the different members of the community will be portrayed in the following sections. It will also illustrate the qualities of a leader and their role in bringing sustainability in future. The offensive smell of racial discrimination may be transformed into a sweet fragrance of unity in diversity.Hailing from a white-hot American culture, I have observed the material differences of people from my culture from people who are different with respect to race, creed or religion. Among the other races, the ethnic and racial mix comprises o f Hispanic, African American, American Indian and Filipino. In comparisons to my race, the physical traits of people belonging to the Hispanic culture usually possess ignominious brown hair, light skin and brown eyes. They are usually tanned or dark in complexion. We are generally in possession of white skin color. This has rather become a symbolism of my race. On the other hand, there are other Hispanics who resembles me, in terms of character traits. Hispanics is a role of ethnicity and not a race. The African Americans generally have curly hair, and very black and sun burnt skin color. They have been born from black family of Africa. Again, the physical traits of Filipino are characterized by blonde hair, blue eyes, pale skin and pointed nose. They even resemble the Chinese culture sometimes having a blunt nose, sweet almond shaped eyes. Their face looks much like an oval shaped geometric figure. The Indian American has a sharp feature of an aquiline nose, brown skin, and circu lar, vehement eyes. Though there are some who have a fixed

Political communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political communication - Essay ExampleSince the flu affects every individual regardless of gender, cultural background or frugal status, the campaign is directed to every last(predicate) the people in United Kingdom. Special attention is also given to people coming in the country because they whitethorn be bringing the virus just like in the case of the two infected persons confined in a hospital in Scotland who arrived from Mexico (Wake Up Britain, 2009).The campaign aimed to warn people approximately the dangers of swine flu and at the same time educate them on how to prevent getting infected or infecting others if they shady they already have the virus. The government used antithetical media such as flyers (Charles, 2009 Department of Health, 2009 NHS & DHSSPS), radio and television broadcast as well as the mesh to communicate the information. They hit the right target audience because with the characteristics of the flu, no one is invulnerable. The flyers contained complet e information about swine flu and extended more information by giving numbers which people could call in case they need to be educated more about the virus (NHS & DHSSPS, 2009). However, it should be considered that not all who receive leaflets really read them completely. The television advertisement (Department of Health, 2009) can be considered to have effectively relayed the message to the different kinds of people by using models of different races genders and ages. It was short, clear and concise. However, the campaign was quite short and fails to expound on the seriousness of the advice being given. Nevertheless, this could also be understandable because when the campaign was done, everybody seemed to have been well-informed about the swine flu already. Perhaps it could be safe to say that the television is the most accessible medium of information because it is often used for relaxation and people do not need to read what is presented on the screen.

Irritable Bowel syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Irritable Bowel syndrome - Essay ExampleThis essay discusses that many women with anemia experience cases of acute fatigue, especially caused by menstrual declension handout. Anemia is mainly caused by iron deficiency though Maria eats regular diet. Being overweight can also be a source of fatigue, and may cause sleep disorders. The remedy would be to lose weight, quit certain lifestyles like smoking, drinking, and sleeping with CPAP device that keeps the air passages open. Taking the amend diet is another remedy to help level blood sugar in optimal ranges. The diet should include foods such as eggs, and taking snacks passim the day.Anemia causes iron deficiency during menstrual blood loss in women, since more than red blood cells are needed to carry enough atomic number 8 to the tissues and organs. Hypothyroidism is a thyroid, which is a small secretory organ in the lower neck that controls metabolism. One will feel sluggish and may add weight if the gland is under active, a nd the metabolism functions is too slow. This occurs when the speed of converting fuels into energy is too slow. Certain foods such as too much caffeine may add more fatigue in consumed in large quantities, even though it improves alertness and concentration if taken in moderate quantities. Chronic fatigue that lasts up to cardinal months may present symptoms like multi joint pains, headache, and muscle pain, and can be defined as chronic fatigue syndrome. The diagnosis may need a lot of time in clearly identifying the problem if the symptom is really fatigue, and other causes of fatigue should be investigated. Cushings disease, other infections like malaria, HIV infection, and grippe are numerous sources of fatigue. Heart diseases such as congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pneumonia, and arrhythmias are also associated with fatigue. Their domain also needs to be explored. History of drug abuse, alcohol abuse, grief, b ereavement, and bulimia are psychiatric conditions that may present fatigue. Even the medication history should not be left behind when investigating the causes of fatigue. Especially anti depressants, sedatives, medication and strong drug withdrawal, steroids, and blood pressure medications. Associated symptoms include vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, blood in water system and stool, constipation, fever, muscle cramps and aches. Depression Depression can also be a cause of severe fatigue, as well as other physical symptoms. opposite causes of depression should be examined such as headaches, loss of appetite, and other causes of emotional disorder. Depression is a very complex condition to diagnose since it is attributed to many causes. The factors that major power increase depression are abuse, either physical, sexual, or emotional abuse that might make depression manifest itself in later stages of life. Certain medications are known to enhance depression, especially drugs for treatin g high blood pressure, beta blockers, and reserpine. Personal conflicts are a sure source of depression, or disputes among family members. Grief or loss of a loved one, like Marias son was involved in an accident raises the level of sadness, thus increasing the levels of depression. Depression is also a hereditary

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 4

Finance - Essay Exampleralian dollar, as well as the interestingness rates as apparent in the situation of the housing mart, and the unemployment situation in the mining industry. Lastly, this paper looks at the current efforts to regulate the financial markets.The sources of data include article from online versions of major newspapers such as the Australian, as well as articles from global financial institutions such as the World Bank and oversea Development Institute. Other legitimate sources such as the website of the Australian government have been utilized. The bulk of the sources include academic journals such as Financial Management, McKinsey Quarterly, Cambridge ledger of political economy, etc., that tackle the issue of global financial crisis, from databases such as Business Source Premier, Oxford Journals and ABI Inform.The invisible hand view of the economy, as explored in the book Economics by Samuelson and Nordhaus, will fail to exist under two conditions when there is imperfect competition and imperfect information, and when there are market externalities. The failure in major financial markets exists because of either of these conditions.Prior to the financial crisis, the financial markets such as stocks, bonds and mutual funds markets are considered markets where the invisible hand operates. The stock market has always been referred to as an efficient market by economists. According to Brealey, Myers and Marcus, the competition in this market to find misvalued stocks is intense. So when new information comes out, investors rush to take advantage of it and thereby eliminate any profit opportunities (2004, 165).An efficient market, according to Samuelson and Nordhaus in their book Economics is defined as one where all new information is readily understood by market participants and becomes immediately incorporated into the market prices (2004, 534). This characteristic of the stock market as an efficient market is attributed to the availabil ity of

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Annotated Bibliography

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder - Annotated Bibliography Examplein-reuptake inhibitors on (OCD) are adequate to deduce that a serotonin restrictive disorder is the most vital piece of the pathophysiology of OCD (2011). However, patients with OCD will require a high dosage of serotonin-reuptake inhibitor monotherapy. This may sometimes not be ample, and about one-half of patients are resistant to the treatment. The author states that previous studies indicate positive treatment reaction to dopaminergic antagonists. He infers that other neurotransmitter structures, like dopamine, are implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD. secernate from Preclinical, neuroimaging and neurochemical researches demonstrates that the dopaminergic system is concerned in stirring up or infuriating indications pinpointing presence of OCD. The article reviews the dopaminergic system in OCD pathophysiology while reviewing the outcome of drugs that act on dopaminergic activity in OCD.Barrett PM, Farrell L, Pin a AA, Peris TS, Piacentini J. (2008).Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 237131155.In this article, the authors state that the development of fear habituation and fade are thought to be related to the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. This includes obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The articles reports adjustments of auditory P50 suppression in human beings fear instruct and extinction in fit control subjects. Furthermore, they report that P50 suppression in fear extinction is impaired in patients with OCD. The report explores investigations on the association mingled with sensory gating and fear conditioning. Sensory gating mechanisms may be physiologically associated with fear conditioning, and OCD may involve abnormal sensory gating in fear extinction (Barret et al, 2008).Bloch, M. H., Williams, K and Pittenge r, C. (2011). Glutamate abnormalities in obsessive

College vs. High School Essay Example for Free

College vs. High School EssayThere is so very much freedom and you must use your time wisely in order to succeed. When you get to the university you testament go back you meet all sorts of people from all everywhere the place with so many different cultural backgrounds and religions and beliefs and opinions. You get exposed to new ideas and new experiences. The classes are very different too. If you live on campus, it will likely be your first time living away from home, which is a huge experience. And once you find your major, you will find your people. You will actually be going to discipline with people who want to be there.As opposed to richly school where students boast to be there and many fanny imprudent about the subjects. College is a completely new experience with many unique aspects that can change and help define unitys life. Many people love college, and find it to be a new beginning. It is a new opportunity to define yourself as an individual. You can esta blish a new image, because everyone is looking to do the learn same thing. In college, its time to strap down and get to work. Theres really no room for error. Classes are spread out throughout the week, and you often have much down time.There is a lot of work and it is crammed into a short period. It is up to you to k now when to eat lunch, and it is up to you when to study. It is also your decision to interest that time where you are not studying or doing work with productive things. High school is a period in which many new things happen. You now find yourself in a world full of raging hormones, honors classes, and new found freedoms. High school is routine in a way. You have your ogdoad or so classes year round, and you know when you will be eating lunch.The same kids you went to elementary and middle school with probably are the same kids you went to high school with. Basically, high school is much regimented, and many people find themselves having the same friends for many years. Because of this, in turn once a reputation or image was established for you in high school, most likely that was going to stick with you for the rest of your time left. The work in high school is a piece of cake. Unless you are taking honors or AP courses, there is really no reason why somewhatones GPA should drop below 2. 5. Classes in high school are small in size, usually between twenty and thirty students, and there is a one on one feeling with the teacher. It is a set back atmosphere because everyone knows each other. Also in high school, many students find a way around the school part. Countless students slack slay and dont apply themselves to their work or studies. Because of this, many students find themselves doing new extracurricular activities, and I think we all know what is meant by that. It is very easy in high school to fall into bad habits.High School is a perfect opportunity to go down the wrong path and find yourself in bad situations. In conclusion, even though high school is an important step in life, college is an even bigger step. They are similar in some ways but in others they are the same. High school prepares you for college. It is a time full of new experiences and lessons. College is a new chapter in life and you can basically start over. In a way, college is a mature version of high school. High school and college are what you make of it. To find the true similarities and differences, one must experience both for themselves.

Domestic workers in America Essay Example for Free

Domestic workers in the States EssayIn the United States of America a house servant worker is besides known as a servant and most often they work and live within the household of their employers. The servants atomic number 18 actu completelyy distinguishable from the slaves and the serfs since they receive endurements for the work they do for their employers. The municipal help workers view the granting immunity of leaving their employment at their free will. In the households which ar large there be in truth many house servant workers who do divergent kinds of jobs. In America a butler is seen as the most senior domestic worker and he per functions duties such as managing the opposite household servants as nearlyspring as handling the wines.In America the female domestic workers atomic number 18 known as the maids. Their household chores range from ironing, cleaning, cooking, washing, Purchasing the household drinks and foods, warmth for the children, going toge ther with the household head for the grocery shopping as well as taking the family dogs for walks if there ar any. In most instances the domestic workers in America substitute the nursing role of caring for the elderly people in different households as well as taking accusation of those who take hold disabilities.(Anderson and Bowman 1993) The different domestic worker organizations in the United States of America The domestic workers union 2000 The domestic workers union was founded in youthful York by well-nigh elderly caregivers, housekeepers and some nannies from the Caribbean, Latin and the African countries. This organizations has a mission of empowering, respecting, and overly subjecting the domestic workers to fair labor touchstones in America especially in the New York City.This organization also aimed at helping in the building of a movement which would end the exploitation and also the oppression of the domestic workers in America. The domestic workers union tho backup mans the domestic workers who imbibe suffered some violations and also hatred as well as violation of their rights in their work places. They also conduct some referrals, they make a provision for a direct support with the domestic workers employees and they at times organize some public support to the organizations members.The early(a) domestic workers organizations in America assist in the protection of the rights and the dignity of the American domestic workers. several(prenominal) of these organizations produce a contract which is standard for all the employers and the domestic workers including the employment agencies for the domestic workers. (Chow 1994) The domestic workers organizations in America offer some nanny training programs, the computer literacy programs and also some lead training programs.Other domestic workers organizations in America include the domestic workers homecare centre, the united domestic workers of America, the united domestic workers of San Diego, the united domestic workers of California and the subject field alliance of domestic workers. How the domestic worker groups are trying to assist the domestic workers have better experiences in America These domestic worker groups disruption the closing off of the domestic workers who work in the domestic work industry in the United States of America.This is because with stunned the domestic workers in America all the activities in the major cities would stop in their tracks. On the opposite hand since the domestic workers especially women are devalued in most of the work aspects these worker groups seek to save educate the public so that they can respect the domestic workers and the work which they do. By educating the public on respecting the domestic workers these groups tend to un lead the racial and sex inequalities which exist in the domestic work industry and the labor market. in like manner these domestic worker groups fight for the recognition of the domest ic workers in America as real and also skilled workers in the American population. On the other hand most of the domestic workers are excluded from most of the basic protections which are afforded to the workers in America and this is comprehensive of the national labor relations and other discrimination protections thus the domestic workers organizations in America work towards ensuring that such protections are enforced and that the work conditions of the domestic workers ere not solely left at the whims if the employers.(Anderson and Bowman 1993) likewise these organizations further seek to establish rattling fair and just standards which erstwhile recognize the domestic workforce as a real workforce with its own protections. In addition to this these domestic organizations in the united stats of America are movements which win judge for all the domestic workers in America. (Nancy 1987) This is because they address the root causes of all the injustices as well as the explo itation which are faced by the domestic workers alone since all these issues take more than the domestic workers single-handedly.The struggles of the domestic workers in America are closely tied to the struggles of all the other American workers, the immigrants, the migrants and also the oppressed communities. The domestic workers organizations connect with each other as well as other organizations and they build a movement that is very(prenominal) correctly in creating the change needed in the domestic workers workforce. (Chow 1994)The domestic worker groups are looking for ways to include the domestic workers as employees and this will further lead to better working conditions for the domestic workers and they could also be free to form the labor unions just as the other employees in the United States of America. Similarly these groups work towards achieving government Acts which have fair labor standards which set the tokenish and wage rates and they also address the issue of the maximum working hours for the domestic workers.Similarly these organizations tell that the domestic workers are not discriminated on the basis of their color, religion, age, nationality, sex, race as well as their disability. (Chow 1994) How the domestic workers are treated Some of the domestic workers in America receive very bad and poor treatment from their employers as well as the other household members. On the other hand some domestic workers are treated well by their host families. The domestic workers who receive bad treatment from their employers have their privacy invaded.They are also subjected to some sexual, emotional and physical abuses which in extreme show windows lead to severe injury or even death. On the other hand the freedom of the domestic workers is restricted by the employees and this implies that they are at times treated as slaves who do not have a say on the decisions that are made pertaining their lives. Many of the domestic workers in America are a lso treated harshly by their employers as they have their personal documents confiscated especially the brisk immigrants such that they cannot willingly leave their employers.On the other hand the domestic workers have their working hours and also wages violated especially the live in domestic workers. The issues that the domestic workers have to deal with Most of the domestic workers in America work under very exploitive and harsh conditions and they have very many issues which they have to deal with. For instance the domestic workers are barred from organizing into unions collectively. It is however very important to note that the domestic workers form a very significant part of the American economy yet they are not protected by the labor laws of the federal state as the other employees are protected.In addition to this the domestic workers are faced with very unique barriers of organization since they have difficulties in doing negotiations with the employers as they each are in isolation in their employers households. (Nancy 1987) Most of the domestic workers stay for significant periods with the same employers in the same industry. They are a very stable workforce and they further delay various working conditions which further violate their rights as workers as well as human beings. The domestic workers deal with a lot of issues and they are inclusive of the following? Wages Statistics show that half of the domestic workers in America earn very low wages. Most of them make their wages below the minimum wages. On the other hand some of the domestic workers work overtime most of whom do not receive their overtime pays for the overtime hours in which they have worked. In America the domestic workers are the key providers in their families and some of them provide for their home countries but on the other hand they face very severe financial hardships as they work in the domestic labor force.? Abuse Similarly the American domestic workers experience a lot o f abuse from their employers or even the other household members. The abuse which comes from their employers could be inform of physical or even verbal abuse and this makes then feel very insecure and uncomfortable on the other hand some of the domestic workers who face various kinds of abuse identify their immigration spot and racism as the main factors which contribute to the actions of their employers. (Chow 1994)The domestic workers also experience some sexual abuse and harassments by their employers but since the employees fear their employers then they are reluctant to enunciate such abuses to the public as well as the concerned authorities. Thus the domestic workers cannot gat any form of assistance from the humanitarian groups, the governmental agencies or even the non-governmental groups. ? Lack of wellness insurance Most of the domestic workers in America do not receive the health insurance or health cover from their employers.Similarly in America most of the domestic wo rker cannot afford decent medical care which is necessary for themselves and also their other family members. On the other hand it is only when less than half of the domestic workers who get basic benefits from their employers such as sick off and other regular pay rises. (Anderson and Bowman 1993) ? Stress Most of the domestic workers in America are faced with the issue of puree in the households where they work. The employers cause a lot of deform to the domestic workers by requiring them to do multiple jobs.Sometimes the employers also require them to perform duties which are not in their job descriptions in any way. On the other hand some of the employers require their domestic workers to work for other people other than themselves. All such requirements cause a lot of stress to the domestic workers and this could even have adverse effects on their health conditions. The domestic workers experience a lot of labor exploitation and abuse than the other female workers in America and this mainly applies to the migrant domestic workers.Most of the domestic workers are isolated from their families, friends as well as the other employees. In some instances some domestic workers cannot effectively communicate with their employers and this has further led to physical or even verbal abuse. Some domestic workers are ill-treat by their employers but they still lodge for the fear that they could loose their jobs and thus they would not be able to support their families. In some extreme case the domestic workers have been severely injured and they have also been killed b their employers. (Chow 1994)Since the domestic workers have their limited choices made by their employers, the employers set the employments terms and conditions regarding their accommodations, pay, meals, contacts, off days and also their mode of payments. The employers tend to control the lives of the domestic workers in most of the aspects. Most of the domestic workers have irregular and very lo ng working hours and they also have some irregular and low payments for their salaries. The domestic workers in America also receive accommodation and meals which are below the standards since this is determined by their employers.Some employers withhold the pay of the domestic workers and they at times fail to pay them as agreed. The domestic workers are also faced with the issue of pretermit of communication and movement. The employers put some restrictions which limit the domestic workers and they isolated from the outside world. Most of the domestic workers are not allowed to leave the employers houses as well as meet with other people and they are also restricted from inviting friends into their houses.Another major concern for the domestic workers in America especially the immigrants are their self-control of the legal identification documents. Some of the employers confiscate the documents which belong to the domestic workers thus they are not able to register or even acqui re a work permit. (Chow 1994) The measures which are being taken to rectify these web sites In order to rectify the homes which are faced by the domestic workers the following measures have been taken. 1. instruction execution of the domestic workers visiting card of rights.This bill was amended so that it could address various issues concerning the domestic workers in America. The issues which are addressed in this bill of rights included the ejection of the domestic workers from the most basic labor protections and it also provides a further recognition for the domestic workers workforce as real workforce. Similarly in the bill of rights there was an establishment of specified protections which addressed the vulnerability and the isolation of the domestic workers to the mistreatment and also abuse from their employers. 2.Instigation of the domestic workers policies which further prevent the recruitment fees which are exorbitant for the domestic workers as well as the debt pay ment systems which are very exploitive for the domestic workers in the United States of America. Such policies also cover the issue of trafficking domestic workers to the United States of America. 3. In rectifying these situations the domestic work is included as a part of the formal sector of employment. This will make it more recognizable and the domestic labor will fully be protected under the labor laws.4. There is an establishment of employment contracts which are standard for all the domestic workers in America. This helps in the protection of the domestic workers rights and responsibilities. The contract also includes a definition of the employees responsibilities which should be categorized under the domestic work. It also defines the payment rates as well as the working conditions under which the domestic workers should be subjected and it also defines the working hours and the day offs.The contract also considers the domestic workers who are immigrants in the United States of America. (Nancy 1987) 5. Another measure which is being taken in order to rectify the situation off the domestic workers in America is the setting of the public awareness campaigns. These campaigns are based on the laws and regulations regarding the domestic workers in America. Through these campaigns the public is enlightened on the penalties which are entitled to the employers who get off any kind of abuse to the domestic workers.On the other hand the campaigns pay a lot of attention to the issues of the racial and gender migrations and this is inclusive of the sustainment and also the working conditions of the domestic workers. The domestic workers through the campaigns are enlightened on their rights and the rights of their employers. 6. Another important measure which is being taken in addressing the situation of the domestic workers in America is the publicizing of the complaint mechanisms and other hot line services which are accessible to the domestic workers.This woul d be very helpful especially for the domestic workers in America who have been experiencing all kinds of problems with their employers. Similarly this would provide a better coordination between the employers, the domestic workers and the labor inspectors as well as the immigration officers and the police. (Anderson and Bowman 1993) 7. On the other hand there is development of systematic mechanisms and also training for various labor agencies especially for the non governmental organizations in all the levels.This further ensures that all these parties have a very clear understanding of all the issues which are related to the needs and the rights of the domestic workers. Similarly they will be able to apply the suitable responses whenever the domestic workers are abuses in any way or when their rights are infringed by their employers. The trainings would help the fighting(a) parties to counsel, shelter or even refer the domestic workers for health care treatments. 8. There is also the provision of mechanisms for the domestic workers who are immigrants to the United States of America.These mechanisms call for justice if the immigrant domestic workers receive bad treatment from their employers. Similarly they ensure that the immigrant domestic workers are not exploited, cheated, persecuted and they also do not suffer from any form of abuse from their recruiters, employers and other concerned authorities. In such mechanisms there is a requirement for knowledgeable interpreters. 9. Another measure which is being taken in rectifying the situation of the domestic workers is the increase of the number of the labor inspectors in America.Their authority is also being revised so that they can be able to carry out investigations on the working conditions which apply to the informal work places such as the households. On the other hand such inspection is also undertaken on a regular basis in the households which the domestic workers work. (Chow 1994) 10. There is also th e development of a positive public perception on the domestic workers especially those who have emigrated from other countries to the United States of America. This would allow the public to appreciate the value of the work which is done by the domestic workers in the demesne.This is creatively done through the countrys mass media especially in the soap operas whereby the domestic workers are displayed as people who play a significant role in the American economy and the whole country at large. This has further helped in counteracting the image of the domestic workers and especially the women who have very low social economic status as well as those with low education levels. 11. In the United States of America there is a regularization process for the domestic workers who are immigrants and this only grants them the right to work.Thus these domestic workers can travel to other districts but only in the company of their employers. 12. There are measures which are looking into estab lishing some informal and also self help organizations for the domestic workers. This would give the domestic workers an opportunity to interact as well as share their personal experiences with the other domestic workers. 13. So as to improve the situation of the domestic workers in America the government has developed some programs for the immigrant workers and this is inclusive of a pre-departure orientation which is authorization for the domestic worker and it looks into the heath issues.The issues of the domestic workers rights and responsibilities are also addressed in the orientation. The government acts to protect the human right of the immigrant and also the local domestic workers in America. There is also an establishment of some follow-up programs whereby the employees provide the necessary information on their rights over the domestic workers under the labor laws. This would ensure that both the employees and the employers have a transparency which exists between them an d thus any forms of abuses are highly avoided. (Nancy 1987) ConclusionIn the United States of America the domestic workers remain to be a very significant part of the countrys secondary labor markets. However there have been very major changes in the ethnicity and the geographical origins of the domestic workers in America. On the other hand the domestic workers have been experiencing some very harsh working conditions from their employees whereby their privacy is infringed upon as well as their rights as workers and human beings. However there are some measures which have been taken to address the situation of the domestic workers in America.These include the implementation of the domestic workers bill of rights and other policies and programs which help in protecting the rights of the domestic workers in America. Reference Anderson, C. And Bowman, M. (1993) The Vanishing Servant and the Contemporary Status System of the American South. American Journal of Sociology Chow, E. (1994 ) Asian American Women at Work, Survival, Resistance, and Coping. Women of Color in U. S. Society. Philadelphia Temple University Press. Nancy F. (1987) Introduction, New Immigrants and Changing Patterns in New York City. The New Immigrants in New York (Ed. ) New York Columbia University Press.

Distribution decisions Essay Example for Free

Distribution decisions EssayThe tutorial about distribution decisions deals mainly with establishing an effective and efficient system that will make the products accessible to the market. It teaches the various channels of distribution including the process of ordering, handling and shipping, storage, display, promotion, selling, and information feedback. The channels include resellers, specialty service firms who be important although a little costly. on that point are two kinds of channel arrangements independent (no binding relationship), and dependent (has binding relationship).Also, there are three kinds of distribution systems direct distribution systems, indirect distribution systems, and multi-channel intercrossed systems. The tutorial also warns of the issues in establishing channel relationships such as delivery, profit margins, other incentives, packaging, training, and promotional help. The tutorial on retailing examines retailers as a reference of resellers of a product to consumers who only want to buy in small quantities. Their main concerns are customer satisfaction, ability to acquire the right products, product manifestations, affair building, layout, placement, and keeping pace with technology.Retailers are categorized in many ways included in the tutorial are target markets served (mass, specialty, exclusive market), product offerings (general, six-fold lines specialty, single line specialty merchandiser), pricing strategy (discount, competitive, full price pricing), promotional focus (advertising, direct mail, personal selling), distribution method (store-based which can be stand-alone, strip-shopping center, shopping area, and regional shopping mall and non-store sellers which can be online sellers, direct marketers, and vending), service level (self, assorted, full service), and ownership structures (individually owned, corporate chain, corporate structure, contractually licensed). There are also a variety of retail formats which are mom-and pop, mass discounters, warehouse stores, category killers, department stores, boutique, catalog retailers, e-tailers, franchise, convenience store, and vending. In wholesaling, the sellers sell in bulk to their consumers.Their main concern involves disinter-mediation, facility location, transportation costs, adapting to new technologies, and offering non-product assistance. They are categorized according to products carried (general and specialty merchandise), promotional activities (extensive and limited promotion), distribution (stationary location with customer and non customer accessible and non-stationary location with mobile and no facilities), service level (full, limited, and no service), and product ownership (do take and do not take title). Wholesale formats consist of general and specialty merchandise, contractual, industrial distributors, cash-and-carry, truck, rack jobber, drop shipper, broker, and agent.In managing product movement, three tasks are important which have a cost-service tradeoff ordering and inventory management, product storage, and transportation. Ordering and inventory have to be managed by considering order entry and processing, demand forecasting, customer knowledge, channel relationship, somatic product handling, storage and transportation. The tutorial is effective in a sense that it takes the learner through a step by step process in understanding the definitions of terms, what the different topics are about, and gives the learner an idea on how to apply the process in real merchandise situations. The tutorial is also effective because it is easy and easy to understand. It also breaks down complicated topics and lays them out in an easy-to-understand manner.The only problem with the tutorial is that it lacked examples of real life situations to which the approaches were used, especially since examples often makes everything clearer and makes the whole presentation have more real life applications and n ot just theoretical things that can be skipped In the issues in information and IS, information exchange and intercourse is very valuable between the company and their distributors. Any decision by marketing should be communicated internally in production. The IT manager is to integrate the communication among production, marketing and distributors to streamline everything. A sophisticated tracking of orders and products is also necessary among them.

HIV Prevalence in Uganda

human immunodeficiency virus Prevalence in UgandaUganda (HIV/ support) class 1Between 2002-2011, the international non-profit NGO AVSI Foundation has supported Ugandas Ministry of Health (MoH) prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmittance (PMTCT) program in four Northern Ugandan districts Kitgum, Lamwo, Pader, and Agago. The program aimed to be comprehensive, emphasizing social and medical checkup assistance and support and was successful in reducing HIV prevalence among HIV-exposed infants from 10.3% in 2004 to 5.0% in 2011, among other things. The MoH/AVSI PMTCT sites showed how a comprehensive PMTCT program emphasizing social and participation engagement alongside medical consider and support can succeed in a remote defineting with multiple challenges (3).Despite the advances of the MoH/AVSI program, HIV/AIDS remains a critical issue in Uganda. Northern Uganda especially faces dispropriate challenges and adversities in regards to the national HIV/AIDS epidemic response. In 2011, the Uganda AIDS index Survey measured a national HIV prevalence of 7.3%, only if the HIV prevalence in northern Uganda specifically was shown to be 8.3%. Also, Uganda has one of the largest unsanded birth rates in the world. In 2011 Ugandas birth rate was 42.1/1000 (3). In addition, Northern Uganda has faced great adversity from the Lords Resistance Army (LRA) during the catch 1986-2006. at that place was an estimated two million individuals mandated to live in internally displaced people (IDP) camps from this violent discord (3). The fallout from the war between the government and the LRA had worsened already sparse health operate in the north.Due to the high birth rate, HIV prevalence, and structural violence faced in northern Uganda, the AVSI Foundation proposes to increase the MoH/AVSI PMTCT program for an additional five years with support from the Global Fund. Support from the Global Fund volition al miserable us to broaden PMTCT run in 24 Northern Uganda Mo H facilities (located in Kitgum, Lamwo, Pader, and Agago) and friend expand these sustainable PMTCT service sites to other MoH facilities nationwide.Estimated Populations (2011) of Targeted Northern Ugandan DistrictsKitgum222,737Lamwo164,754Pader237,100Agago285,300Link to Map https//mapsengine.google.com/map/edit? middle=zZ1ADMHAfHkY.krdFRCFxMCRQSection 2GoalImpact IndicatorsBaseline* ( family 1)Target (Year 5)Reduction in HIV incidence among HIV-exposed infants5%3%*2011 estimateThe first and firstly goal is to reduce HIV incidence among HIV-exposed infants by reducing Mother-to-child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV. MTCT occurs when an HIV-positive mother infects her infant with HIV during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breastfeeding (1). Yet, the risk of transmission can be reduced to less than 5% if mothers undergo proper maternal cheat treatment. The diagram at a lower place illustrates the many steps mothers need to take to successfully dispatch a PMTCT program. This series of complex steps is why it is dead critical to assist Ugandan mothers as much as possible to make successfully complete our program.However, even if HIV-positive mothers complete a PMTCT program in all of its entirety and give birth to an HIV-free infant, infants still remain at risk of HIV infection. Other channels, such as contaminated needles, can infect an infant who was initially born HIV-free. Thus, maintaining and promoting strict sanitation procedures, alongside a strong PMTCT program, is absolutely critical in reducing HIV incidence among HIV-exposed infants.The table below summarizes the PMTCT Indicators number of HIV-exposed children (18 months or younger) tested and the number of HIV-exposed children (18 months or younger) that tested HIV-positive measured by the MoH/AVSI program between 2002-2011. This data was habitd to formulate Year 1 and project a realistic target for Year 5.Section 3Objectives outcome/coverage indicatorsBaseline* (Year 1)Target (Year 5)Increase th e proportion of HIV-positive women who deliver in health facilities81.1%95%Increase the number of mothers who undergo HIV testing (in ANC)96%98%Increase proportion of HIV-positive mothers on ART treatment78.5%95%Increase antenatal care attendance (mothers)20,03250,000*2011 estimateOne of the main objectives is to increase the proportion of HIV-positive women who deliver in health facilities. It is absolutely critical for HIV-positive women to deliver in health facilities. afterward all, health facilities can provide better medical care and support than a traditional midwife would be able to in a home delivery. Further more, health facilities gain more resources, equipment, and personnel to oppose to any emergencies during delivery. Above all, delivering in a health facility will better guarantee the infant receives the appropriate antivirals need to PMTCT. HIV-positive women delivering at home venting a higher risk of these crucial medications not being administered. Thus, incr easing the proportion of HIV-positive women who deliver in health facilities better protects both the mother and the child, than a home delivery.The table below summarizes the PMTCT Indicator percentage of HIV-positive women who delivered in health facilities measured by the MoH/AVSI program between 2002-2011. This data was used to formulate Year 1 and project a realistic target for Year 5.Another objective is to increase the number of mothers who undergo HIV testing while in ANC. There are clearly many benefits for at risk individuals undergoing HIV-testing. However, the benefits of having undergone an HIV test are lost if the patient does not return to learn their result. Thus, it is absolutely crucial for our program will utilize rapid testing at a womens first antenatal clinic visit (1). In contrast to a conventional HIV test that can take days or even weeks to attain results, rapid tests can produce a result in as little as twenty minutes (1). This will allow reduce the number of HIV-positive women who are lost from lack of follow-up and will in addition facilitate rapid enrollment of HIV-positive pregnant women into PMTCT program services.The table below summarizes the PMTCT Indicator ANC women tested for HIV measured by the MoH/AVSI program between 2002-2011. This data was used to formulate Year 1 and project a realistic target for Year 5.Another objective is to increase proportion of HIV-positive mothers on ART treatment (e.g. antiretroviral prophylaxis or triple antiretroviral therapy, depending on the circumstance). However, to be fully effective, antiretroviral medication needs to reach newborn babies as well as their mothers (1).The table below summarizes the PMTCT Indicators number of HIV-positive women who received ARV prophylaxis and percentage of ANC HIV-positive women started on prophylaxis measured by the MoH/AVSI program between 2002-2011. This data was used to formulate Year 1 and project a realistic target for Year 5.Specifically, our pro gram will utilize and adhere to the 2013 World Health Organizations (WHO) Option B guidelines for PMTCT (until subsequent more effective recommendation plans replace it). The WHOs 2013 Option B advocates to provide Provide all HIV-positive pregnant or breastfeeding women with a course of antiretroviral drugs to prevent mother-to-child transmission (2). They explicitly state that a triple-drug antiretroviral treatment should be administered throughout pregnancy and delivery. Furthermore, breastfeeding mothers should persist on the triple-drug antiretroviral treatment until at least one week after stopping breastfeeding. The steps and procedures of Option B are outlined in the flowchart below.Another objective is to Increase antenatal (ANC) care attendance for mothers. After it has been shown that A number of clinical processes, such as antenatal care and safe delivery, can ameliorate the health of both mother and child (4). ANC services offer certainly offer many benefits for mother s but their benefits (just like in HIV-testing), are lost if women do not take advantage and utilize these services. There are numerous reasons a mother may not seek ANC services, even if they are free. A extensive factor is accessibility demandingies. large(predicate) women in low income countries, like Uganda, often have an increased difficulty in utilizing maternal programs because of their busy schedules. They are heavily occupied in condole with for children, work, and running numerous kinds of other errands. Furthermore, many mothers live far away from health clinics and may lack a reliable means of travel. Both of these issues creates a long barrier for women who need antenatal care services, but struggle to access it. Thus, our program will offer basic care and support services (such as food/transportation vouchers, housing assistance, and child-care services) to help increase ANC attendance. After all organizations, such as Partners in Health, have proven that by pur suit to overcome the social barriers to accessing care by implementing wraparound services e.g. transportation costs can help in addressing some of the social and economic determinants of ill health (4).The table below summarizes the PMTCT Indicator ANC attendance measured by the MoH/AVSI program between 2002-2011. This data was used to formulate Year 1 and project a realistic target for Year 5. Section 4ActivitiesMain ActivitiesProcess/Output IndicatorsProgram Year 1TargetProgramYear 5TargetResponsible/implementing agenciesFree/accessible HIV testing and antenatal care services for mothersANC attendance ( persons)30,00050,000Ministry of HealthMaternal restless teamsNumber home-births back up2,00010,000AVSIHIV counseling for mothers and their checkmates% HIV-positive mothers participating in therapy25%50%AVSIOne of the main activities to be conducted is providing free and accessible HIV testing and antenatal care for mothers. Indeed, it has been proven, on behalf of the structur al adjustment era, that user fees in many resource-poor settings deterred the poor from accessing any health services (4). Likewise, charging service fees for PMTCT services would create a huge barrier for the poorest northern Ugandan mothers. On the other hand, providing monetary support to mothers would encourage and give incentive for mothers to continue to attend and adhere to PMTCT program services. Thus, financial support will be given to mothers who attain antenatal services and HIV testing. This will not scarce help support poor Ugandan mothers, but will also reduces the likelihood of mothers being lost by lack of follow-up.Another activity that will be conducted is using maternal mobile teams to reach at risk mothers who have an increased difficulty and/or refusal to travel. After all, some pregnant women, despite being offered transportation services and/or financial support, will refuse to deliver in health facilities for whatever reason. Therefore, maternal mobile team s will be trained to provide services such as HIV precept, testing and counseling, and advice on infant feeding (1). Maternal mobile teams should be used for the women who deliver at home and ensure that those who have tested positive for HIV have access to the essential antiretrovirals needed for PMTCT. Indeed, keeping track of mothers (especially HIV-positive mothers) who plan to delivery at home will be a challenge. Consequently, this will be a major a coordinating responsibility of community health workers who will be responsible for the gathering the lookd records (i.e. HIV-positive pregnant mothers) to pass on to the maternal mobile teams.Additionally, HIV counseling for mothers and their partners will be provided at no cost. Indeed, biomedical treatments are not the only thing needed for a successful HIV intervention. fond and emotional support are also crucial. Unfortunately it can sometimes prove difficult to persuade men to attend such services that are often regarded a s womens clinics dealing with womens issues (1). Nevertheless, another vital activity will be to train and engage community health workers who will be paid to rear maternal education and social support to mothers. After all, the use of in effect(p) clients and other community-based volunteers helps reduce the stigma and discrimination of mothers living with HIV. It also helps improve the utilization of basic care services and adherence to Antiretroviral (ARV) Therapy. The term expert clients refers to people who are currently HIV/AIDs positive who serve as experienced role models for other PLHIV. Currently, expert clients work in about every Ugandan ART site, engaging in various activities ranging from promoting health education to providing psychosocial support for PLHIV. Furthermore, mothers will be either followed up with an invitation to come to the health facility for specific interventions/services or visited by a team of health professionals (i.e. a maternal mobile team).S ection 5Our goals and objectives fit inside the National Plan because they complement and scale-up an HIV infection prevention campaign to one of the most disadvantaged regions in the country, Karamoja. This 2013 campaign, called Elimination of Mother-to-Child-Transmission of HIV (eMTCT), is part of the Ugandan governments large-scaled efforts to prevent new HIV infections. Furthermore, our goals and objectives further assist Uganda in their Ministry of Health 2010-2015 Scale Up Plan for PMTCT that aims to achieve an HIV-free generation of Ugandans by 2015 through the virtual elimination of MTCT of HIV, which utilizes a Sector-Wide Approach (1). Indeed, it is extremely critical to work with the public sector and not against the public sector. Our program is committed to working in public sector PMTCT health systems because only governments can enshrine health as a human right and then implement programs to sentry go this right for its citizens on a national scale (4).Section 6a) We will lease Ugandan mothers by providing HIV counseling services for mothers and their partners. Social support is a crucial component of providing medical services. Indeed it has been shown that when male partners are involved, both partners can get tested for HIV, know their status, and therefore improve the babys chances of a healthy survival (1). Furthermore, counselors are better able to emphasise the mans responsibility for protecting the health of his partner and family and can also advance the use of PMTCT services, resulting in much higher rates of treatment uptake (1).b) Community participation will be fostered by using community health workers to promote awareness, attendance, and adherence to PMTCT services. Specifically, community-based female volunteers who are expert clients (current HIV-positive mothers who serve as mentors and have experience with overcoming HIV-related stigma) will especially be invaluable. After all, community health workers can gain the trust of mothers who will thus be more likely to adhere to PMTCT services.c) This PMTCT campaign will help to improve the status of women in Uganda by empowering mothers to be active, confident, and assertive actors in the health of their children. Indeed, educating women is crucial to improving the health of infants. By increasing maternal education for mothers, indicators such as infant mortality will be reduced.d) Social equality is promoted by providing free antenatal care, HIV testing, and free antiretroviral treatment (WHOs Option B) we are removing the financial barrier that would keep the poorest mothers from attaining maternal services. Indeed it is of the utmost importance to avoid punitive user fees and other cost-sharing devices that shift the buck of payment to those least able to pay (4). As mentioned previously, charging user fees for services would exclude poorer populations. Not only will free treatment be provided, but financial support will be given to women who adhere t o therapy.e) There will be an emphasis on education and expansion of programs nationwide to promote human resources development. We will train community health workers. These community health workers will pass on their training to mothers. These mothers will likewise be support to share their acquired knowledge with friends, relatives, and other community members. In other words, creating a dynamic chain reaction of teaching will be a huge focus of this program.Moreover, we wish to spread the effectiveness of our PMTCT program from northern Uganda to other parts of the country. After all, addressing maternal and child health comprehensively will require training more health workers strengthening referral networks between communities, health centers, and hospitals and ensuring adequate supplies at care centers- all elements of a robust health system (4).Section 7There may be potential underground from the local context regarding the empowering of women our services inevitably (and j ustly) bring. According to the Foundation for Sustainable Development, women face . . . discrimination, low social status, lack of economic self sufficiency, and greater risk of HIV/AIDS infection (5). Because women typically have lower status than men in Uganda, some natives may potentially view this education and empowerment of women as a threat to their culture. The best way to address it will be to involve the mothers boyfriends, husbands, etc as much as possible in the lessons and counseling. Promoting equity is a crucial measure and indicator of a successful program.Another potential opposition to the plan will be the barrier of HIV-testing stigma that keeps mothers from getting HIV-testing. The best way to address this is to integrate HIV-testing as a standard part of antenatal care. Instead of asking women if they would like to opt in (receive HIV- testing), one would only ask them if they would like to opt out (not receive HIV-testing). In other words, if HIV-testing is set as the default option, women will be more comfortable with receiving it. And thus, overtime, HIV-testing will be normalized and become common practice, which will help remove the barrier of stigma. In brief, removing the special status given to HIV testing helps to make it more acceptable (1)Finally, any other existing NGOs in the area who are doing alike(p) PMTC work may create conflict with our plan. There may be some turf war as divers(prenominal) NGOs commonly have different agendas. The best way to address any NGO conflict is to do preliminary research to ensure we set up the PMTCT care services in areas that are not disrupting any parallel programs.ReferencesAIDS Education and Research Trust. Preventing PMTCT. AVERT. Web. 9 Mar. 2014. http//www.avert.org/preventing-mother-child-transmission-pmtct-practice.htm.AIDS Education and Research Trust. WHO Guidelines. AVERT. Web. 9 Mar. 2014. http//www.avert.org/who-guidelines-pmtct-breastfeeding.htm.Bannink-Mbazzi, Femke, MA. High PMTCT Program breathing in and Coverage of Mothers, Their Partners, and Babies in Northern Uganda Achievements and Lessons Learned Over 10 Years of Implementation (20022011). Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 62.5 (2013). JAIDS. Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc., 27 July 2012. Web. 09 Mar. 2014. http//journals.lww.com/jaids/Fulltext/2013/04150/High_PMTCT_Program_Uptake_and_Coverage_of_Mothers,.20.aspx.Farmer, Paul. Reimagining Global Health An Introduction. 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